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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination of the cell-specific distribution of the four subunits of glycine decarboxylase and of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in leaves of C3-C4 intermediate species from different genera (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 468-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C3-C4 intermediate species (Flaveria, Moricandia, Panicum) ; C4 evolution ; Glycine decarboxylase (localization) ; Photorespiration ; Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (localization)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell-specific distribution of the four subunit proteins (P, L, T and H) of glycine decarboxylase (GDC) and of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) has been studied in the leaves of C3-C4 intermediate and C4 species of three genera (Flaveria, Moricandia and Panicum) using immunogold localization. Antibodies raised against these proteins from pea leaf mitochondria were used to probe Western blots of total leaf proteins of F. linearis Lag., M. arvensis (L.) DC and P. milioides Nees ex Trin. (C3-C4), and F. trinervia (Spring.) Mohr and P. miliaceum (L.) (C4). For all species, each antibody recognised specifically a protein of similar molecular weight to that in pea leaves. In leaves of M. arvensis the P protein was present in the mitochondria of the bundle-sheath cells but was undetectable in those of the mesophyll, whereas the L, T and H proteins and SHMT were present in both cell types. The density of immunogold labelling of SHMT on the mitochondria of mesophyll cells was less than that on those of the bundle-sheath cells, which correlates with the relative activities of SHMT in these cell types. These data reveal that the lack of functional GDC in the mesophyll cells of M. arvensis, which is the principal biochemical reason for reduced photorespiration in this species, is due to the loss of a single subunit protein. This lack of coordinate expression of the subunit proteins of GDC within a photosynthetic cell represents a clear difference between M. arvensis and other C3 and C3-C4 species. None of the GDC proteins was detectable in the mesophyll cells of the C3-C4 and C4 Flaveria and Panicum species but all were present in the bundle-sheath cells. The differences in the distribution of the GDC proteins in leaves of the C3-C4 species studied are discussed in relation to the evolution of photosynthetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224785
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the C3-C4 intermediate character in somatic hybrids between Brassica napus and the C3-C4 species Moricandia arvensis (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1234-1241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Moricandia arvensis ; Somatic hybridisation ; C3-C4 intermediate ; Photorespiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wild crucifer Moricandia arvensis is a potential source of alien genes for the genetic improvement of related Brassica crops. In particular M. arvensis has a C3-C4 intermediate photosynthetic mechanism which results in enhanced recapture of photorespired CO2 and may increase plant water-use efficiency. In order to transfer this trait into Brassica napus, somatic hybridisations were made between leaf mesophyll protoplasts from cultured M. arvensis shoot tips and hypocotyl protoplasts from three Brassica napus cultivars, ‘Ariana’, ‘Cobra’ and ‘Westar’. A total of 23 plants were recovered from fusion experiments and established in the greenhouse. A wide range of chromosome numbers were observed among the regenerated plants, including some apparent mixoploids. Thirteen of the regenerated plants were identified as nuclear hybrids between B. napus and M. arvensis on the basis of isozyme analysis. The phenotypes of these hybrids were typically rather B. napus-like, but much variability was observed, including variation in flower colour, leaf shape and colour, leaf waxiness, fertility and plant vigour. CO2 compensation point measurements on the regenerated plants demonstrated that 3 of the hybrids express the M. arvensis C3-C4 intermediate character at the physiological level. Semi-thin sections through leaf tissues of these 3 plants revealed the presence of a Kranz-like leaf anatomy characteristic of M. arvensis but not found in B. napus. This is the first report of the expression of this potentially important agronomic trait, transferred from Moricandia, in M. arvensis x B. napus hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223455
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiol/ene photocurable polymers (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1543-1543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150632
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiol/ene photocurable polymersPresented in part to the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, 165th National Meeting American Chemical Society, Dallas, Texas, April 1973. (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 627-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photosensitized crosslinking of polyenes with polythiols has been demonstrated to be a free-radical chain reaction whose apparent quantum yield is in the range of 2 × 102-4 × 102 mole/einstein. Initiation occurs by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the thiol group by the excited n,π* triplet of the ketonic photosensitizer. Kinetic studies of model systems have shown that electron-donating substituents attached or close to the double bond accelerate the thiol addition while electron-withdrawing groups decrease the rate. With a given olefin, slight differences in reaction rates are observed depending on the structure of the thiol. Mercaptopropionate esters are more reactive than mercaptoacetates which, in turn, are more reactive than alkane thiols. Cure rates for polyene-polythiol systems are in accord with results found for the model systems. Aromatic carbonyl compounds are the most effective sensitizers for this reaction. To a first approximation, the effectiveness of the sensitizer depends only upon the absorbance. No correlation was found between photoactivity and the triplet energies or lifetimes of the sensitizers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150311
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polymerization of butadiene and copolymerization of butadiene and styreneThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 483-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cationic polymerization of butadiene with several Friedel-Crafts catalysts has been described. Aluminum chloride and chlorosulfonic acid are active catalysts at -75°. The rate of polymerization at -75° is much faster than at the higher temperatures. Except for boron trifluoride etherate, which catalyzes the polymerization at -30°, the other catalysts (sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, stannic chloride, and boron trifluoride hydrate) produce appreciable amounts of polymer only at 0° or higher.The effect of variables, such as catalyst concentration, catalyst solvent, dilution, reaction time, etc., differs with each individual catalyst. In some cases, results were not conclusive due to lack of reproducibility. It was found that the presence of moisture is mainly responsible for this lack of reproducibility. Traces of water promote the polymerization with stannic chloride or boron trifluoride etherate, but inhibit the polymerization when an ethyl bromide solution of aluminum chloride is used as catalyst.Rubberlike polyhutadienes can be obtained with all catalysts except sulfuric and fuming sulfuric acids. However, the physical properties of these polymers show that the molecular weight is very low and that the polymer is not suitable as a rubber. Polymers ranging from viscous liquids to hard, brittle solids have also been obtained. In general, the solubility of the polymers is low. Approximately 60% of the butadiene enters the polymer chain by 1,4 addition.The copolymerization of butadiene and styrene at -75° with an ethyl bromide solution of aluminum chloride has also been studied. At conversions between 20 and 30% a soluble, rubberlike copolymer having a low molecular weight is formed. An insoluble, brittle polymer is obtained a t higher conversions.The soluble, cationic copolymer has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption curve which is different from that of GR-S. It has a styrene content of approximately 50% by weight which demonstrates that the styrene is more active in cationic copolymerization than is butadiene.
    Additional Material: 16 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of phosphines on thiol/ene curing systemsPresented to the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 172nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, August, 1976. (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 16 (1978), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.130160203
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