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  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional benzobisoxazole rigid-rod polymers. II. Processing, characterization, and morphology (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3457-3466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: PBO ; rigid-rod polymer ; multidimensional polymer ; compressive strength ; fiber morphology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high-torque rheometer was used to facilitate the polycondensation of 4-[5-amino-6-hydroxybenzoxazol-2-yl]benzoic acid (ABA) with trimesic acid and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)adamantane to yield two- and three-dimensional benzobisoxazole polymers, respectively. Although the resultant polymer dopes exhibited improved homogeneity compared to polymer dopes previously prepared in glassware, improved polymer solution viscosities were not achieved. Fibers spun from the two- and three-dimensional polymers did not show a significant increase in compressive strength compared to fibers of the linear or one-dimensional benzobisoxazole polymer derived from the homopolymerization of ABA. Morphological studies of the polymer fibers and films by wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy strongly indicated more lateral disorder and a more isotropic character for the three-dimensional structures compared to the one-dimensional structures. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3457-3466, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of copolyester having quaternary ammonium groups in the main chain (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2517-2519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: functional polyester ; liquid/solid biphase polycondensation ; tertiary amine group ; heterogeneous polymer reaction ; quaternary ammonium group ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemoselective polycondensation of isophthaloyl chloride with multifunctional monomers containing hydroxyl groups and sulfamino acid or amino acid moiety (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 493-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: chemoselective polycondensation ; functional polymer ; aromatic polyester ; hydroxyl group ; sulfamino acid moiety ; amino acid moiety ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holographic grating relaxation studies of probe diffusion in amorphous polymers (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 899-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: probe diffusion ; holographic grating relaxation ; temperature dependence ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Probe diffusion of camphorquinone, thymoquinone, and diacetyl in polymers was studied by the laser-induced holographic grating relaxation (HGR) technique in polymers. The effects of changing the probe size and various parameters of the polymer, such as the molecular weight, chain conformation, and the glass transition temperature, on the probe diffusion coefficient have been investigated. Furthermore, effects of cross-linking and plasticizing the chains of the polymer host on the probe diffusion coefficient were also studied. Temperature-dependent studies show that except for the very low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate), all probe diffusion coefficient data above the glass transition temperature fit well to the WLF equation. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330605
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit adipocyte differentiation by bone marrow stromal cells (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 58 (1995), S. 393-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: adipocytes ; bone morphogenetic proteins ; differentiation ; bone marrow stromal cells ; transforming growth factor β ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified based on their ability to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo and have since been identified as members of the transforming growth factor-β gene superfamily. It has been well established that the bone morphogenetic cytokines enhance osteogenic activity in bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Recent reports have described how bone morphogenetic proteins inhibited myogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. In vivo, bone marrow stromal cells differentiate along the related adipogenic pathway with advancing age. The current work reports the inhibitory effects of the bone morphorphogenetic proteins on adipogenesis in a multipotent murine bone marrow stromal cell line, BMS2. When exposed to bone morphogenetic protein-2, the pre-adipocyte BMS2 cells exhibited the expected induction of the osteogenic-related enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Following induction of the BMS2 cells with adipogenic agonists, adipocyte differentiation was assessed by morphologic, enzymatic, and mRNA markers. Flow cytometric analysis combined with staining by the lipophilic fluorescent dye, Nile red, was used to quantitate the extent of lipid accumulation within the BMS2 cells. By this morphologic criteria, the bone morphogenetic proteins inhibited adipogenesis at concentrations of 50 to 500 ng/ml. This correlated with decreased levels of adipocyte specific enzymes and mRNAs. The BMS2 pre-adipocytes constitutively expressed mRNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-4 and this was inhibited by adipogenic agonists. Together, these findings demonstrate that bone morphogenetic proteins act as adipogenic antagonists. This supports the hypothesis that adipogenesis and osteogenesis in the bone marrow microenvironment are reciprocally regulated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240580312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of two phases in PP/EPDM polymer blend probed by positron annihilation: CONTIN analysis (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: positronium lifetime distribution ; PP/EPDM blend ; free-volume distribution ; phase interaction ; impact strength ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Positron annihilation lifetime measurements were performed on pure polypropylene (PP), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, and their blends PP/EPDM with a series of EPDM volume fraction φ (= 10-40%). A numerical Laplace inversion technique (i.e., CONTIN algorithm), was employed to obtain the probability distribution functions (PDF) of free-volume radius. We observed that, first, the average free-volume radius in PP/EPDM blends is generally same as that in PP and is much smaller than that in EPDM. Second, the standard deviation σR or the width of the free-volume radius PDF in the blend decreases with φ in the region of φ = 10ndash;30%, and it increases when φ increases from 30% to 40%. The difference in the σR of the blend and the calculated value σc R according to the simple-mixing rule of PP and EPDM is interpreted by the existence of the two-phase interaction (i.e., the residual thermal pressure and shear stress between PP and EPDM phases in the PP/EPDM blends). The correlation between σR, which indicates the interaction of two phases, and the impact strength of PP/EPDM blends was found and discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the formation of novel copolyesters containing naphthalene and aralkyloxy structures (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1189-1197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolyesters containing naphthalene structure were synthesized from bis(hydroxyethyl)naphthalate (BHEN) and various aralkyloxy diols. The starting bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)aryl) compounds were derived from a nucleophilic substitution of various bisphenols with ethylene carbonate in the presence of potassium iodide (KI). Copolyesters having intrinsic viscosities of 0.50 to 0.60 dL/g were obtained by melt polycondensation in the presence of metallic catalysts. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the formation of copolyesters were investigated in order to obtain an optimum condition for copolyester manufacturing. The optimal reaction temperature and time were found to be 290 to 310°C and 90 to 120 min, respectively. Most of these copolyesters have better solubilities than polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) in aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or m-cresol. The thermal properties of the copolyesters were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Glass transition temperatures of these copolyesters were in the range of 90 to 141°C, and 10% weight loss values in nitrogen were all above 460°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580712
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the conductivity of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium by the complexation of poly(ethylene oxide) (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: complexation ; sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; conductivity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present paper, the structure and conductivity for the complex of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium (SPPOLi) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) were studied. Glass transition temperature change determined by differential scanning calorimeter analysis desmonstrated that the two components had some compatibility. X-ray diffraction showed that PEG could decrease the regularity of SPPOLi to some extent. The compatibility and PEG's effect on the regularity may be due to the interaction between the lithium ions of SPPOLi and the oxygen atoms of PEG. Under polarization by electric field, the bands between lithium ions and sulfonation groups relaxed. Meanwhile, the complexation of oxygen atoms could enhance the dissociation of the polymeric lithium salts. Then lithium ions were transported in the process of alternate complexing and decomplexing. The action between lithium ions and oxygen atoms could explain the improvement on the conductivity of SPPOLi.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langmuir-Blodgett deposition and second-order non-linear optics of several azobenzene dye polymers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 6 (1996), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: LB films ; non-linear optics ; azobenzene derivatives ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film-forming properties of a number of novel azobenzene dye polymers are reported. The linear and second-order non-linear optical properties of the films have been studied using ellipsometry, visible spectroscopy and Pockels effect measurements. As monolayers, the effective electro-optic r-coefficients ranged from 1 to 8.7 pm V.-1 When one of the polymers was combined in an alternate layer film (230 layers in total), an r13-coefficient of 13 pm V-1 was achieved. This is one of the highest values reported for a ‘thick’ LB film.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the blends of carbon dioxide copolymer. III. NBR/PPC systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1479-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of triallylisocyanurate or maleic anhydride with carbon black can much improve the curing efficiency of dicumyl peroxide in NBR/PPC systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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