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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • Computed tomography  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT of the base of the skull (1978)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 17 (1978), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Base of skull ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic study of the structures of the base of the skull was performed with CT. The findings in 141 pathological cases are described. The value and some limitations of this kind of investigation are described and discussed. A comparison with conventional tomography is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345261
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial diseases in children: neuroradiological and clinical features in 17 patients (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 920-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial diseases ; Leigh's disease ; Kearns-Sayre disease ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial diseases result from structural, biochemical or genetic defects of mitochondria, which contain the respiratory chain. They usually affect children and young adults. We report the CT and MRI findings in 17 patients under 14 years of age, the youngest reported to date, with various mitochondrial diseases. Although imaging studies may be normal negative in the early stages, follow-up usually shows many abnormalities, which depend on clinical status and the disease. We have recognised a spectrum of findings that can be divided into four patterns: nonspecific myelin lesions (8/17); grey-matter nuclei involvement (6/17); a leukodystrophic pattern; and calcification of the brain (1/17), although mixed forms, particularly myelin and grey-matter lesions are frequent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050868
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations of computed tomography for diagnostic Neuroradiology (1977)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 13 (1977), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Neuroradiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The limitations of computed tomography for diagnostic Neuroradiology are pointed out. The relation of CT to the classical neuroradiological examinations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347066
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cervical epidural AVM (1977)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 14 (1977), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cervical extradural AVM ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case of a cervical AVM with an uncommon location is reported and the diagnostic problems involved are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339967
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routine neuroradiological diagnosis with the EMI 5005 body scanner (1977)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 14 (1977), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; CT scanners ; Whole body scanner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experience with the EMI 5005 body scanner in the neuroradiological diagnosis of about 500 cerebral and 30 spinal examinations is reported. The advantages and disadvantages of this machine are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333056
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verdeckte Lochkorrosion am Werkstoff Nr. 1.4571 in stagnierendem Meerwasser (1987)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 380-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Covered pitting corrosion of material no. 1.4571 in stagnant sea water
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19870380707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SwRK-Versuche und Rißeinleitungsuntersuchungen am neuentwickelten Duplexstahl X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 im Vergleich zum bekannten ferritisch-austenitischen Stahl X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5Herrn Professor Dr. rer. nat. Alfred Rahmel zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1987)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 614-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into corrosion fatigue and crack initiation with the newly developed duplex steel X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 by comparison with the known ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5The majority of low pressure steam turbine damages are caused by corrosion fatigue. This kind of damage occurs primarily in the Wilson-zone of steam turbine machines. In spite of careful feed water washing there is still a build-up of damaging chloride-containing water impurities on the turbine blades.During the last twenty years the standard material X 20 Cr 13 often was and is still used for industrial turbine applications, although the corrosion fatigue resistance was insufficient concerning the increasing operation conditions of moder steam turbine machines. Modifications of the chemical composition of the steel and further material development did not reach a satisfying corrosion fatigue resistance till today.Recent investigations of duplex stainless-steels, especially the steel X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 (A905; austenite/ferrite = 50/50) show both a good corrosion behaviour and a sufficient strength of this type of steels.In the present investigations the dependence on the corrosion fatigue limit on the pH-value, chloride concentration, temperature and the behaviour of corrosion cracking (crack initiation) is evaluated.
    Notes: Die überwiegende Zahl von ND-Dampfturbinenschäden ist auf Schwingungsrißkorrosion (SwRK) zurückzuführen. Diese Schadensart tritt bevorzugt an Turbinenschaufeln im Übergangs- und Naßdampfgebiet auf. Trotz sorgfältiger Speisewasseraufbereitung kann es in diesem Bereich zur Aufkonzentration schädigender, chloridhaltiger Wasserinhaltsstoffe kommen, die zu Schaufelbrüchen durch SwRK führen.Als Standardwerkstoff für Dampfturbinenschaufeln wird vielfach der Stahl X 20 Cr 13 eingesetzt, dessen SwRK-Verhalten unter ungünstigen Bedingungen nicht ausreicht. Werkstoffentwicklungen brachten zwar Verbesserungen, aber unter extremen Bedingungen ist das Werkstoffverhalten dennoch nicht zufriedenstellend.Erst die in die Untersuchungen einbezogenen Duplexstähle, insbesondere der Stahl X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 (A905) mit gleichen Anteilen von Austenit (50%) und Ferrit (50%), versprechen aufgrund ihres guten Korrosionsverhaltens und der ausreichenden Festigkeit eine erfolgreiche Suche nach besseren Dampfturbinenlaufschaufelstählen. In den durchgeführten SwRK-Untersuchungen war die Abhängigkeit der Korrosionszeitfestigkeit vom pH-Wert, dem Chloridgehalt und der Temperatur des Prüfmediums von Interesse. Darüberhinaus wurden die Mechanismen der Rißeinleitung und das Korrosionsverhalten ohne mechanische Beanspruchung untersucht.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19870381010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Untersuchungen des SwRK-Verhaltens verschiedener DampfturbinenschaufelstähleHerrn Professor Dr. H. Spähn zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 37 (1986), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparative investigations into the corrosion fatigue behaviour of different steam-turbine-blade steelsCorrosion fatigue tests in NaCl-solution in the temperature range from ambient temperature to 150°C revealed a decrease of the corrosion fatigue strength of the steels X20Cr13 with 1% resp. 2.5% Mo, X4CrNiMo 16 5 1 and X2CrNiMoN 22 5 with increasing temperature; a minimum of the corrosion fatigue strength is reached at 150°C.At temperatures of about 80°C it was found an optimum corrosion fatigue behaviour of the Mo-alloyed steel X20CrMo13 2.5 in comparison with the other investigated steels.It was observed that crack initiation of the ferritic, Mo-alloyed steel is caused by Cl-induced pitting, of the soft martensitic steel by oxide inclusions and of the duplex steel by non metallic, brittle inclusions and/or by grain boundarys of the ferritic/austenitic microstructure.Crack initiation caused by pre-deformation at slip bands was observed on the duplex steel.All materials investigated failed at elevated temperatures. At temperatures higher than 80°C an optimum corrosion fatigue behaviour was not found.
    Notes: SwRK-Versuche in NaCl-Lösungen im Temperaturbereich von Raumtemperatur bis 150°C haben gezeigt, daß die Korrosionszeitfestigkeit der Stähle X20Cr 13 mit 1% bzw. 2,5% Mo, X4CrNiMo 16 51 und X2CrNiMoN 22 5 mit zunehmender Temperatur bis zu einem Minimum bei 150°C abnimmt.Bei Temperaturen um 80°C ist das SwRK-Verhalten des molybdänlegierten Stahles X20CrMo 13 2.5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Stählen am besten.Die fraktographischen Untersuchungen ergaben, daß bei den ferritischen, molybdänlegierten Cr-Stählen überwiegend Lochfraßstellen, beim Weichmartensit oxidische und beim Duplex-Stahl nichtmetallische spröde Einschlüsse sowie der Bereich der Korngrenzen des ferritisch-austenitischen Gefüges rißauslösend sind. Hinzu kommt beim Duplex-Stahl die ebenfalls mögliche Rißauslösung nach vorangegangener Verformung im Bereich von Gleitbändern.Keiner der untersuchten Stähle zeigte ein optimales SwRK-Verhalten - bezogen auf den praktischen Einsatz - bei höheren Temperaturen. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse läßt sich aber feststellen, daß die Werkstoffentwicklung in Richtung hochreiner Materialien gehen muß, um eine praxisgerechte Werkstoffoptimierung hinsichtlich des SwRK-Verhaltens zu erreichen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19860370503
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Korrosion von Werkstoffen der Mikroelektronik (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the corrosion of materials in the field of microelectronicsThe reliability of microelectronic components and devices is also determined by the corrosion behaviour of the applied materials. Because of the very small dimensions of the resulting corrosion systems, the transferability both of the experimental methods and of the interpretation of results, known from macrodimensioned corrosion systems, is only possible with some restrictions. Micro-dimensioned corrosion systems, occurring in the field of microelectronics, are characterized by a complex mechanical, thermal and corrosive load, which can change very rapidly over time, by the presence of different, galvanic coupled metals and at least by an electrical load of the corroding material.This report describes the corrosion types and problems of microelectronical corrosion systems, concerning the experimental simulation of corrosion reactions and the evaluation of the results.
    Notes: Die Funktionssicherheit mikroelektronischer Bauteile und Bauelemente wird auch durch das Korrosionsverhalten der verwendeten Werkstoffe bestimmt. Wegen der kleinen Dimensionen der resultierenden Korrosionssysteme ist die Übertragbarkeit sowohl der experimentellen Untersuchungsmethoden als auch der Ergebnisinterpretation makrodimensionierter Korrosionssysteme nur eingeschränkt möglich. Mikrodimensionierte Korrosionssysteme in der Mikroelektronik sind gekennzeichnet durch eine komplexe mechanische, thermische und korrosionschemische Beanspruchung, die zeitlich rasch variieren kann, durch das Vorhandensein verschiedener, galvanisch miteinander verbundener Metalle und schließlich durch eine externe Strombelastung des korrodierenden Materials.Der Beitrag beschreibt die Korrosionsarten und die Problematik mikroelektronischer Korrosionssysteme, die bei der experimentellen Simulation des Korrosionsgeschehens, der Bewertung und Interpretation der Untersuchungsergebnisse anzutreffen sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung zur phasengrenzseitigen Hemmung der Wasserstoffeffusion bei wasserstoffbeladenen Vergütungsstählen (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 342-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into the effusion behaviour of hydrogen in quenched and tempered steelsThe effusion behaviour of hydrogen in quenched and tempered steel was investigated by means of the ultrasonic damping technique (USDT). The material 34CrMo4 was used in three tempering conditions (I: 850 N/mm2, II: 1000 N/mm2 and III: 1200 N/mm2). The influence of effusion behaviour of different media (imidazole, imidazolidine and EDTA) in dependence of the exposure time was determined. Additionally volumetric permeation experiments and the determination of the hydrogen embrittlement-index (VH) were performed.The results revealed, that the USDT basically is suitable for the quantitative, non destructive measurement of hydrogen in quenched and tempered steel.The investigations showed a significant influence of different parameters on the reproducibility of the results. Especially the influence of media, the microstructure and the coupling of the testing button on the material surface are important for the reliability of the results by using the USDT under practical conditions.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Ultraschalldämpfungsmessung (USD) als zerstörungsfreies Prüfverfahren wurde der Einfluß des Auslagerungsmediums auf das Effusionsverhalten des Wasserstoffs in Stahlproben untersucht. Die Auslagerungsmedien waren Imidazol, Imidazolidin, EDTA und Wasser. Die Proben aus dem Vergütungsstahl 34CrMo4 lagen in den drei Vergütungsstufen I (RmI: 850 N/mm2), II (RmII: 1000 N/mm2) und III (RmIII: 1200 N/mm2) vor. Zur Überprüfung der Ergebnisse aus der USD wurden der Wasserstoffversprödungsindex VH ermittelt und volumetrische Permeationsversuche durchgeführt.Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, daß die USD prinzipiell zur quantitativen Erfassung von Wasserstoff geeignet ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440804
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