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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The correlation between phase behavior and structure of a four-component system, poly-ethylene glycol/sodium dodecyl sulfate/pentanol/H2OThis paper was presented at the 5th International Conference on Surface and Colloid Science and the 59th Division of Colloid and Interface Science, American Chemical Society, held in Potsdam, New York, June, 1985. (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4383-4392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The change in the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can, in fact, affect directly the correlation between phase behavior and structure of a four-component system, polyethylene glycol/sodium dodecyl sulfate/pentanol/H2O. Experimental results indicate that the phenomena of microemulsion and lamellar liquid crystals can take place at a concentration of SDS greater than 5% and 17% by weight, respectively. In our experiments, these liquid crystals are tested and found to be hydrophilic and their rheological properties to be non-Newtonian as well.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320408
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolyesters. I. Sequence distribution of poly(butylene terephthalate-co-adipate) copolyesters determined by 400 MHz NMR (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1053-1057 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400537
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nylon 4/HEMA chemical homografted membrane (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To enhance the degree of grafting, homografting copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto nylon 4 using a chemical initiator has been attempted. The factors that affect the grafting copolymerization are the concentration of reactants, reaction time, and temperature. The dialysis permeabilities of solutes, water content, surface energy, mechanical properties, and blood compatibility of the membrane were investigated. Under the same reaction conditions, the degree of grafting by the homografting method is remarkably higher than of the heterografting method for the nylon 4-HEMA grafting system. The dialysis permeabilities of NaCl, vitamin B12, and ovalbumin of the homografted membrane with a 14.8% degree of grafting are 2.760, 0.392, and 0.073 × 10-5 cm2/min, respectively. These permeabilities are higher than the corresponding ones of ungrafted nylon 4 membrane. The mol ratios of adsorbed fibrinogen/albumin (F/A) of the heterografted membranes were found to decrease from 0.53 to 0.33, and the surface energy, to increase from 40.6 to 46.4 dyn/cm with the degree of grafting in the range of 12.5-29.9%, and their relationship is not remarkable for the homografted membranes for which the mol ratios of F/A are about 0.22-0.32 with the degree of grafting in the range of 14.8-103.8%. Observed from scanning electron micrographs of the membrane surface, denseness was found to be important to improve blood compatibility. Based on the dialysis permeabilities of solutes and the blood compatibility observed in this study, the homografted nylon 4/HEMA membrane can be considered as a hemodialysis material.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized Raman studies of crystalline and amorphous orientation in polyethylene (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polarized Raman intensities have been obtained from thin films of oriented low-density polyethylene (PE) immersed in silicone oil to minimize surface scattering. Studies were made using the 1170 cm-1 crystalline band and the 1081 cm-1 amorphous band, and from these the orientation averages 〈cos2 θ〉 and 〈cos4 θ〉 were calculated. These were found to compare favorably with the values of 〈cos2 θ〉 for the polymer chain in the crystalline and amorphous phases obtained from measurements of infrared dichroism. Both orientation averages could be theoretically fitted by using reasonable parameters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectral studies of nucleic acids. XI. Conformations of yeast tRNAPhe and E. coli ribosomal RNA in aqueous solution and in the solid statePaper X in this series is G. J. Thomas, Jr., M. C. Chen, and K. A. Hartman, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 324, 37 (1973) (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 13 (1974), S. 615-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser-excited Raman spectra of tRNAPhe from yeast and of fractionated 16S and 23S rRNA from E. coli are reported for samples in aqueous solution and in the solid state. The Raman scattering spectrum of each RNA is not significantly altered by the change from an aqueous to a solid environment and displays the same characteristic frequencies and intensities associated with ordered polyribonucleotide structures. Unlike DNA, the backbone conformation of RNA thus appears to be largely insensitive to gross changes in the degree of hydration.Raman scattering from the phosphate group vibrations of aqueous tRNAyeastPhe is qualitatively and quantitatively the same as obtained from previously studied tRNA's and is indicative of a highly ordered conformational structure in which some 85% of the nucleotide residues are in ordered configurations. The major differences observed between spectra of tRNA and rRNA are attributed to differences in base composition of these RNA's.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1974.360130313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 NMR investigation of spin-lattice relaxation mechanism of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1861-1874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements were performed on poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) above the glass transition temperature in order to explain the segmental motion of the molecule by means of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out for poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) with low, medium, and high molecular weights. The similarity of the T1 values showed that for polymers with a degree of polymerization (DP) 〉 100 the relaxation behavior of the carbon atoms no longer depends on molecular weight. The temperature effects were studied at 358, 363, 373, 383, 393, and 403 K, both on 25.18 and 100.61 MHz magnetic fields. Finally, several mathematical T1 models were applied to study the change of T1 encountered by the individual carbon atoms. The results reveal that the more factors being considered in the calculation the more consistent will be the results obtained with the T1 model. A comparison showed that parameters used in the DLM T1 model gives the best fit. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070511103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the blends of carbon dioxide copolymer. III. NBR/PPC systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1479-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of triallylisocyanurate or maleic anhydride with carbon black can much improve the curing efficiency of dicumyl peroxide in NBR/PPC systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic acid γ-ray irradiation-grafted nylon 4 membranes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1197-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study was to improve the performances of nylon 4 membranes for washing waste-water treatment of nuclear power plants, e.g., removal of detergent and salt by membranes. The effects of the degree of grafting and ionization on the reverse osmosis performances of acrylic acid (AA)-grafted nylon 4 membranes by γ-ray irradiation modification were investigated. The relationships of operating conditions, such as feed concentrations of salt and detergent, operating temperature, and pressure, and the performances of water flux and solute rejection of the prepared membranes were obtained. Water flux of the prepared membranes was highly sensitive with the operating temperature. It was found that an increase in the operating pressure could increase the water flux and the impaction effect directly. Water flux and salt rejection were significantly improved by both ionized and nonionized AA-grafted nylon 4 membranes compared to ungrafted nylon 4 membranes. Water flux increased rapidly and solute rejection dropped off slightly as the grafted membranes were ionized. The 100% detergent rejection could be obtained by the nonionized AA-grafted nylon 4 membranes with 38.6 and 69.6% degrees of grafting under various operating conditions. Results obtained showed that these modified nylon 4 membranes were usable for washing waste-water treatment of nuclear power plants. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490708
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure characteristics of unaccelerated sulfur vulcanization of epoxidized natural rubber (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1569-1574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The curing characteristics of unaccelerated sulfur vulcanization of ENR 25 and ENR 50 were studied in the temperature range from 100-180°C. The range of sulfur loading was from 1.5 to 6.5 phr. The scorch time was determined by Mooney Shearing Disk Viscometer whereas the initial cure rate, maximum torque, and reversion properties were obtained from the Moving Die Rheometer (MDR 2000). Results shows that ENR 25 gives a longer scorch time than ENR 50, an observation similar to that in an accelerated system reported earlier. For temperature 〈 120°C, scorch time depends exponentially on sulfur loading for both rubbers. However, this dependence diminishes as temperature is increased. This observation is attributed to the availability of activated sulfur molecules for vulcanization. The initial cure rate and maximum torque increases with increasing sulfur loading. ENR 50, however, exhibits higher value than ENR 25, suggesting faster cure in the former. For a fixed sulfur loading, reversion is a time and temperature-dependent phenomenon. It decreases with increasing sulfur loading because of the increase of cross-linking density for both rubbers stuided. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formalized poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for reverse osmosis (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 789-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The permeation properties of formalized poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes are described. The interest of this work is centered on the properties relevant to desalination by reverse osmosis. These membranes, when properly prepared, showed reasonably high water permeability, high salt rejection, and stability in the presence of acids and alkalies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170311
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