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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model filled polymers. V. Synthesis of crosslinked monodisperse polymethacrylate beads (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: fillers ; emulsifier free emulsion polymerization ; monodisperse beads ; polymethacrylates ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monodisperse polymethacrylate beads of varied size and crosslink density are prepared by emulsion copolymerization of methacrylate and divinyl monomers in the absence of emulsifiers. The sizes of polybutyl and polyethyl methacrylate beads decreased with increasing polymerization temperature, while polymethyl methacrylate beads were largely unchanged in size. The molar mass of polymer in polymethyl metnacrylate beads markedly exceeded that in polystyrene beads. The rate of polymerization increased, and bead size decreased, with increasing initiator concentration or decreasing monomer concentration. The polymethacrylate beads are used as filler particles in polymer composites.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300118
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo estimation of kinetic parameters in polymerization reactions (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 965-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general method for estimating kinetic parameters in polymerization reactions using Monte Carlo simulation to represent the models of the reactions is developed. From a statistical point of view, the procedure is a Bayesian one in which a posterior probability density surface (PPDS) is calculated for points on a grid in the parameter space. A smoothing function is fitted to the PPDS, then a posterior probability region, which is similar to a confidence region, is calculated for the parameters. An application to a relatively trivial example, the Mayo-Lewis copolymerization model is shown in detail. Many other potential applications are suggested.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260401
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model filled polymers. I. Synthesis of crosslinked monodisperse polystyrene beads (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1909-1921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene beads of varied size and crosslink density are prepared by emulsion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the absence of emulsifier. Tumbling and internally stirred reactors were used for synthesis, with minimal agglomeration at at least 0.22 wt % potassium persulfate and up to 10% by weight of styrene in aqueous emulsion in the absence of oxygen. Particle sizes decreased from 800 to 200 nm on raising the polymerization temperature from 60 to 95°C. The glass transition temperature of the beads increased from 104.4 to 133°C by the inclusion of up to 10% by weight of divinylbenzene. The thermal stability of the beads was higher for peroxide than for persulfate initiation. The crosslink density estimated from the degree of swelling was about one third that expected from stoichiometry. The polystyrene beads are used as filler particles in polymer composites.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280722
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A systematic approach to the study of multicomponent polymerization kinetics: The butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate example. IV. Optimal Bayesian design of emulsion terpolymerization experiments in a pilot plant reactor (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 811-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: butyl acrylate ; methyl methacrylate ; vinyl acetate ; Bayesian design of experiments ; terpolymerization kinetics ; emulsion polymerization ; pilot plant experiments ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic study of the terpolymerization of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate (BA/MMA/VAc) is being conducted. In this stage of the study, emulsion terpolymerizations were performed in a 5 L stainless steel pilot plant reactor. The experimental trials were of the two-level factorial type and were designed optimally using a Bayesian method. The design procedure allowed us to improve our knowledge about the process using our prior knowledge and our subjective judgement. The polymers produced were characterized for conversion, composition, molecular weight, and particle size. The Bayesian design of experiments is shown to have several advantages over conventional factorial designs. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model-filled polymers. II. Stability of polystyrene beads in a polystyrene matrix (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 2707-2714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermomechanical degradation, as a result of mixing at 175°C during the preparation of polystyrene composites containing monodisperse (0.45μm) crosslinked polystyrene beads, often leads to a uniform decrease in rheological properties on increasing the concentration or on reducing the crosslink density of the beads. The extent of such degradation depends on the molecular weight of polystyrene and on the crosslink density of the polystyrene beads. Scission fragments from decomposed beads may induce free radical degradation of the polystyrene matrix. Degradation during mixing of the beads and the matrix is suppressed by mixing crosslinked beads in a polystyrene solution, and removing the solvent, or by melt mixing after adding 0.2% BHT. Polystyrene beads and composites show thermally induced weight loss on heating above 330°C in nitrogen or above 250°C in air. Networks of increased crosslink density are of enhanced thermal stability on heating in the absence of shear.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090281316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas separation membrane made by plasma polymerization of 1,3-ditrifluoromethylbenzene/CF4 mixture (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymerization of 1,3-ditrifluoromethylbenzene (DTFMB)/CF4 mixture was investigated by means of elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy and the permeation properties of the formed plasma polymer films were examined. The plasma polymerization deposited films containing fluorine atoms, of which the concentration depended on the starting composition of the DTFMB/CF4 mixture. The films were composed of fluorinated alkyl moieties with a small amount of fluorinated aromatic moieties and carbonyl moieties. The CF4 addition to DTFMB caused the breaking down of aromatic rings. Permeation properties of the plasma polymer films depended on the starting composition of the DTFMB/CF4 mixture, the discharge current, and the thickness of the deposited films. The permselectivity was enhanced by adding CF4 and increasing the discharge current. Plasma polymer films prepared from DTFMB/CF4 mixture containing 75 mol % CF4 at a discharge current of 150 mA had a permselectivity of 5.0 and an oxygen permeation coefficient of 3.5×10-10 cm3 (STP) cm/cm2 s cm Hg.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400113
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition of anionic and emulsion polymerized polystyrenes (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 171-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermogravimetric behavior of anionic and emulsion polymerized polystyrenes was investigated in nitrogen at a heating rate of 18°C/min. Kinetic data were obtained by least squares analyses of experimental points obtained by differentiating primary thermograms. Degradation was generally zero order for about the first 25% of the reaction and first order thereafter. No molecular weight effects were observed for anionic polystyrenes with M ≥ 1 × 105. Anionic and emulsion polystyrenes differed significantly in thermal stability. Degradation of emulsion polymers proceeded more slowly and with higher activation energies in both the zero- and first-order regions. Activation energies for anionic polystyrenes were 28 and 44 kcal/mole in the zero- and first-order domains while the corresponding values for emulsion polymers were 36 and 60.5 kcal/mole, respectively. No tacticity differences were detected in 220 MHz NMR spectra. The differences in thermal stability are attributed to differences in end groups in the two polymer types.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical study of the application of the huggins equation to measure intrinsic viscosity (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 2087-2100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Intrinsic viscosities of polymers are most often estimated using the Huggins equation, which relates the quotient ηsp/c to intrinsic viscosity and concentration c. It is shown that when this method is used, the error structure is distorted by the presence of concentration in the quotient. The result is that when dilution series experiments are analyzed, the estimates are ordinarily poorer the more dilutions are made. A rearrangement of the Huggins equation is introduced which allows precise estimation from any experiment. It is also shown that dilution series experiments with more than three different concentrations including that of the pure solvent are inefficient by any method of analysis, and convenient experiments which may be considered practical optima are described. When they are used the conventional analysis is restored to full efficiency. Design and analysis of experiments where there is important uncertainty in polymer concentration are also studied.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070241002
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of the error-in-variables model in terpolymerization (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2003-2010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The error-in-variables model (EVM) is a mathematical description of experiments in which there is error in all measured variables. This contrasts with ordinary least-squares methods in which it is assumed that error is only present in the dependent variable or variables. EVM leads to statistical procedures which are able to obtain more efficient estimates of unknown parameters from data with error in all the variables than can be obtained by using least-squares methods. One type of experiment to which EVM is applicable is the measurement of copolymer reactivity ratios. It has been applied recently to the binary case, but the only known method for estimating reactivity ratios in ternary systems is that of Rudin et al. which is based on ordinary least squares. The application of EVM to the problem is described in this article and the results are compared with those of Rudin et al.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model discrimination in copolymerization (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.130180201
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