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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory interaction between the vestibulo-ocular reflexes arising from semicircular canals of rabbits (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular ; Oculomotor ; Canal ; Inhibition ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anesthetized albino rabbits, electric pulse stimulation was applied to ampullary branches of the vestibular nerve. Reflex discharges evoked from a canal in an extraocular muscle were depressed very effectively by conditioning stimulation at a certain other canal. The present systematic survey revealed that this reflex depression occurred specifically in 3 combinations of conditioning and testing canals; 1. anterior and posterior canals of the same side; 2. anterior and posterior canals of the opposite sides; and 3. horizontal canals of the two sides. Occurrence of postsynaptic inhibition in oculomotor neurons, on the other hand, was indicated by appearance of slow muscle potentials in extraocular muscles. It was confirmed that this motoneuronal inhibition did not contribute to the reflex depression in the above combination (1). Even in combinations (2) and (3), the accompanying motoneuronal inhibition was eliminated by adjusting intensities of canal stimuli or by severing its pathway in the medulla, or it was discriminated from the reflex depression by their different latencies and time courses. Hence, it was concluded that the reflex depression was attributable, at least largely, to non-motoneuronal inhibition, presumably postsynaptic inhibition at relay neurons for vestibulo-ocular reflexes. Slow muscle potentials evoked from a canal were also used as testing responses, but their depression could not be detected after conditioning at other canals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235251
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological properties of the postsynaptic inhibition by Purkinje cell axons and the action of γ-aminobutyric acid on Deiters neurones (1967)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 4 (1967), S. 43-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Purkinje cells ; Deiters neurones ; Inhibitory synapses ; GABA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1.Various drugs were applied intravenously or into the fourth ventricle and their effects upon the inhibition exerted by Purkinje cell axons were appraised by both extra- and intracellular recording from Deiters neurones. Strychnine, picrotoxin, pentamethylenetetrazol, β-methyl-β-ethylglutarimide, noradrenaline, dopamine, dibenamine and nethalide did not affect this inhibition. 2.γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and inhibitors of GABA transaminase were applied iontophoretically into the vicinity of Deiters neurones through an outer barrel of coaxial electrodes, the effects being observed either intra- or extracellularly through an inner barrel. 3. GABA depressed both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials and often blocked the spike potentials, while it increased the membrane conductance. 4. GABA also produced a membrane hyperpolarization of 3–8 mV. Concomitantly both the spike potential and after-depolarization increased in amplitude and the after-hyperpolarization decreased. 5. In a few cases hydroxylamine but not amino-oxyacetic acid potentiated the inhibition, there being an increase in the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials thereby induced. 6. These effects were considered in connection with the possibility that GABA acts as a natural transmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235216
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones II. Temporal correlation between the trans-synaptic activation of Purkinje cells and the inhibition of Deiters neurones (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 350-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Inhibition ; Climbing fibre responses ; Inferior olive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular recording with microelectrodes has been employed to reveal the causal relationship between the trans-synaptic activation of cerebellar Purkinje cells and the postsynaptic inhibition of Deiters neurones. Cerebellar stimulation produced in Deiters neurones not only monosynaptic IPSPs with latency of 0.9–1.5 msec, but also the delayed IPSPs at 1.5–9 msec. Correspondng to the latter, Purkinje cells were found to be activated orthodromically with the characteristic climbing fibre responses (CFRs), the latency varying from 0.8 up to 10 msec. On the other hand, stimulation of the inferior olive first induced EPSPs in Deiters neurones, presumably monosynaptically, then with a short delay of less than a millisecond CRFs in Purkinje cells of the anterior lobe, which in turn were succeeded by IPSPs in Deiters neurones after a further delay of a millisecond. Spinal stimulation activated the inferior olive trans-synaptically and thereby produced CFRs in Purkinje cells and a sequence of EPSPs and IPSPs in Deiters neurones. Close correlation between these spinal-induced events in both neurone species was further indicated by the concurrence of their fluctuations in intensity, these fluctuations being characteristic of the spino-olivary transmission mechanism. These results strongly support the postulate that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in their action upon Deiters neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234780
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones I. Monosynaptic initiation of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 330-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; IPSP ; Monosynaptic ; Purkinje cells ; Inhibitory neurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During stimulation of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, postsynaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly from ipsilateral Deiters neurones of the cat. In the majority of examined cells, the inhibitory postsynapic potentials were induced with short latency; 1.06 msec on the average from lobule III or IV. The latency was longer (1.23 msec) when the lobule V was stimulated, while it was shorter (0.86 msec) from the juxtafastigial region. It follows that the IPSP was produced via a monosynaptic pathway at a conduction velocity of 15 to 20 m/sec. Recording of the extracellular field potentials and focal stimulation within and around Deiters' nucleus further indicated that the inhibitory impulses propagated out of the cerebellum along a remarkable bundle of fibres which terminated within Deiters' nucleus. These results are all explicable by assuming that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature and so produce IPSPs monosynaptically in Deiters neurones via the long corticofugal fibres. Monosynaptic EPSPs were also detected in some Deiters neurones. They are considered to be mediated by the other pathways formed of axon collaterals of the cerebellar afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234779
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory control of intracerebellar nuclei by the Purkinje cell axons (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 10 (1970), S. 64-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intracerebellar nuclei ; Purkinje cells ; Inhibition ; Excitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, synaptic events in cerebellar nuclei neurones were investigated with intracellular microelectrode techniques. These cells were identified by their antidromic activation along their axons and/or by their location in histological sections. In the cells of lateral nucleus IPSPs were induced monosynaptically during stimulation of the overlying hemispheral cortex of the cerebellum. In the cells of nuclei interpositus and fastigii, similar IPSPs were produced from the paravermal and vermal cortices, respectively. The postulate that the Purkinje cells exert an inhibitory action upon their target neurones thus applies not only to Deiters neurones, as previously proposed, but also to cells in the cerebellar nuclei. Stimulation of the cerebellar afferents at the inferior olive, the pontine nucleus and the lateral reticular nucleus produced EPSPs in cerebellar nuclei cells with relatively brief latencies, probably through axon collaterals of these afferents. The EPSPs were followed by IPSPs and slow depolarizations of disinhibitory nature, which, as studied previously in Deiters neurones, might be caused respectively by activation and subsequent depression of Purkinje cells through the cerebellar intracortical mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340519
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar inhibitory control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex investigated in rabbit IIIrd nucleus (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 14 (1972), S. 511-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular ; IIIrd nucleus ; Flocculus ; Inhibition ; Picrotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized rabbits, the vestibulo-ocular reflex was evoked by electric stimulation of VIIIth nerve and was observed by recording postsynaptic potentials and relevant field potentials in Illrd nucleus. The electric stimulation of flocculus produced a prominent inhibition of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in both the inhibitory component relayed by the superior vestibular nucleus and the excitatory component mediated by the brachium conjunctivum. The excitatory component mediated by the medial vestibular nucleus appeared to be free of the flocculus inhibition. The flocculus inhibition was blocked very effectively by systemic injection of picrotoxin. That the flocculus inhibitory action is due to monosynaptic postsynaptic inhibition of secondary vestibular neurones was demonstrated by direct stimulation of, and also by recording from, the superior nucleus. Recording from the superior nucleus was also performed in anaesthetized cats. All of these above results indicate that Purkinje cells in flocculus projecting to vestibular and cerebellar nuclei cells have inhibitory synaptic action. Flocculus stimulation produced also an excitatory effect upon vestibular nuclei neurones. However, this effect could be attributed to intracerebellar activation of the primary vestibular fibers which pass into the flocculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236593
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