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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Quick-freezing ; deep-etching ; glomerulus ; insulin treatment ; streptozotocin-diabetic rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional ultrastructure of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix (MM) at an early stage of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats was examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching method. In diabetic rats, the GBM inner layer was diffusely enlarged and the meshwork structure not only in the GBM middle layer but also in the MM became markedly irregular due to the rupture of fine fibrils. This irregularity and enlargement of the mesh pores in diabetic rats developed during the experimental period and was significantly different from results in control rats. Insulin treatment from 1 week after STZ injection had significant effects in preventing the ultrastructural changes in the GBM and MM. It is suggested that early insulin treatment has significant effects in preventing size barrier disturbance of GBM and MM in STZ-induced diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mast cell ; Quick-freezing ; Compound 48/80 ; X-ray microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract X-ray microanalysis was performed on rat mast cells prepared by quick-freezing, cryosectioning and freeze-drying (QF-FD) method, or quick-freezing and freeze-substitution (QF-FS) method. Peritoneal cells including mast cells were stimulated with compound 48/80 for 0, 10 or 30 s at 17° C, and the mast cells stimulated for 30 s started exocytosis. In X-ray spectra of the QF-FD specimen, mast cells stimulated for 10 s increased their levels of phosphorus, sodium and chlorine in the intergranular cytoplasm prior to exocytosis, and kept this increase until 30 s after stimulation. In the QF-FS specimen, where soluble elements were removed, peaks of phosphorus, sulphur and potassium could be detected as elements in X-ray spectra. Phosphorus increased and potassium decreased in intergranular cytoplasm of mast cells stimulated for 10 s, and these changes became more obvious after 30 s. However, supplemental increase of other cations such as sodium could not be detected in the QF-FS specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Quick-freezing ; Glomerulus ; Basement membrane ; Freeze-substitution ; Deep-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphological studies using immersion or perfusion fixation methods do not reveal the ultrastructure of functioning kidneys with normal circulation. A simple apparatus was developed for freezing the kidneys in vivo without stopping the blood supply, and the ultrastructure of the glomerular capillary loops was examined under different haemodynamic conditions. Mouse kidneys were frozen under normal blood flow conditions; others were frozen in the same way after ligation of the abdominal aorta at a point caudal to the renal arteries. They were then processed for the freeze-substitution or deep-etching method. Good ultrastructural preservation was obtained within about 5 μm depth from the frozen tissue surface. Functioning glomeruli with normal blood flow possessed open capillary lumens, different shapes of foot processes and atypical basement membranes with low density. Moreover, heterogeneity in width between foot processes was identified on the replica membranes. Under the acute conditions used to increase blood supply into the kidneys, the spaces between the flat foot processes became more widely dilated and the basement membrane was seen to be three-layered. The ultrastructure of glomeruli in functioning kidneys has been demonstrated for the first time by this “in vivo cryotechnique”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mast cell ; Compound 48/80 ; Ultrastructure ; Quick-freezing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 was examined by quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) or freeze-substitution (QF-FS) methods. Peritoneal cells including mast cells of adult male rats were stimulated in vitro with compound 48/80 at 17° C for 0, 10, 30, 60 or 180 s. The QF-DE replicas revealed that the mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 for 30 s decreased filamentous actin around secretory granules. In the QF-FS specimens, perigranular membranes in mast cells stimulated for 60 s formed pentalaminar structures between adjacent granules in their cytoplasm prior to degranulation. These findings suggest that preparatory states for degranulation occur in the whole cytoplasm of stimulated mast cells at early stages. Moreover, both QF-FS specimens and QF-DE replicas revealed a compact morphological appearance of discharged granules in the extra-cellular space, indicating the existence of considerable content within the granules. Skeletal structures in the granules were also demonstrated on QF-DE replicas prepared after extracting soluble elements from the cytoplasm. It is suggested that the granular contents associated with the skeletal structures are gradually detached from the discharged granules to ensure local concentration in the tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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