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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Onion fly  (4)
  • RFLP  (4)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192777
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pungent spices, ground red pepper, and synthetic capsaicin as onion fly ovipositional deterrents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014714
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RFLP analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation in the genus Lycopersicon (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Lycopersicon ; Phylogeny ; RFLP ; Genetic variation ; Breeding system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Forty single-copy, nuclear probes of known chromosomal position were used to examine restriction fragment length polymorphism in the tomato genus Lycopersion. The probes were from three libraries: one cDNA, and two genomic libraries ⦓ne genomic made with EcoRI and the other with PstI. Total DNA from 156 plants representing eight species was cut with five different restriction enzymes and scored in 198 probe-enzyme combinations. Genetic distances between accessions (populations) and species were calculated from the resultant restriction patterns and proportion of shared bands. Accessions belonging to the same species largely clustered together, confirming their current classification. However, one mountain accession, classified as L. peruvianum var. humifusum (LA2150), was sufficiently distinct from the other accessions of L. peruvianum that it may qualify as a separate species L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium were the least clearly differentiated, possibly reflecting introgressive hybridization, known to have been promoted by man in recent history. Dendrograms constructed from cDNA versus genomic clones were nearly identical in their general grouping of species. The dendrograms revealed two major dichotomies in the genus: one corresponding to mating behavior [self-compatible (SC) versus self-incompatible (SI) species] and the other corresponding to fruit color (red versus green-fruited species). The ratio of withinversus between-accession diversity was much lower for SC species, indicating that most of the diversity within these species exists between populations, rather than within populations. Overall, the amount of genetic variation in the SI species far exceeded that found in SC species. This result is exemplified by the fact that more genetic variation could be found within a single accession of one of the SI species (e.g., L. peruvianum) than among all accessions tested of any one of the SC species (e.g., L. esculentum or L. pimpinellifolium). Results from this study are discussed in relationship to germ plasm collection/utilization and with regard to the use of RFLPs in tomato breeding and genetics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226743
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of different restriction enzymes, probe source, and probe length on detecting restriction fragment length polymorphism in tomato (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 385-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): RFLP ; Tomato ; Probe source ; Probe length ; Restriction enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Since the construction and use of RFLP genetic maps depends on the ability of cloned sequences to detect polymorphism, we have attempted to determine conditions under which maximum levels of polymorphism can be detected. Forty cloned nuclear sequences from three different libraries (cDNA, EcoRI genomic, and Pstl genomic) were hybridized to total DNA from 149 plants representing eight species of the tomato genus Lycopersicon. Five different restriction enzymes were employed in this study. We examined the relationship between polymorphism (number of restriction patterns) and clone size, restriction enzyme, size of hybridizing restriction fragments, and clone source (library). We found no relationship between clone size (ranging from 0.4 to 5.3 kb) and polymorphism. There was a strong positive relationship (r 2 = 0.79) between polymorphism and the average size of the fragments produced by each restriction enzyme. cDNA clones hybridized to larger fragments compared to genomic clones. cDNAs also detected significantly more polymorphism (approximately 25% more) than genomic clones — possibly indicating high levels of sequence variability in introns and/or areas flanking coding regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210077
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of four molecular markers in measuring relationships among the wild potato relatives Solanum section Etuberosum (subgenus Potatoe) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words  Genetic distance ; Potato ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Solanum section Etuberosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   We evaluated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), isozymes, single to low-copy nuclear DNA (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in terms of concordance for genetic distance of 15 accessions each of Solanum etuberosum and S. palustre, and 4 accessions of S. fernandezianum. These self-compatible, diploid (2n=24), and morphologically very similar taxa constitute all species in Solanum sect. Etuberosum, a group of non-tuber-bearing species closely related to Solanum sect. Petota (the potato and its wild relatives). Genetic distance and multidimentional scaling results show general concordance of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPDs between all three taxa; cpDNA shows S. etuberosum and S. palustre to be more similar to each other than to S. fernandezianum. Interspecific sampling variance shows a gradation of resolution from allozyme (low) to RAPD to RFLP (high); while intraspecific comparisons graded from RFLPs (low) to RAPDs (high; lack of sufficient allozyme variability within species precluded comparisons for allozymes). Experimental error was low in RFLPs and RAPDs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050160
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of four molecular markers in measuring relationships among the wild potato relatives Solanum section Etuberosum (subgenus Potatoe) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic distance ; Potato ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Solanum section Etuberosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), isozymes, single to low-copy nuclear DNA (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in terms of concordance for genetic distance of 15 accessions each of Solanum etuberosum and S. palustre, and 4 accessions of S. fernandezianum. These self-compatible, diploid (2n=24), and morphologically very similar taxa constitute all species in Solanum sect. Etuberosum, a group of non-tuber-bearing species closely related to Solanum sect. Petota (the potato and its wild relatives). Genetic distance and multidimentional scaling results show general concordance of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPDs between all three taxa; cpDNA shows S. etuberosum and S. palustre to be more similar to each other than to S. fernandezianum. Interspecific sampling variance shows a gradation of resolution from allozyme (low) to RAPD to RFLP (high); while intraspecific comparisons graded from RFLPs (low) to RAPDs (high; lack of sufficient allozyme variability within species precluded comparisons for allozymes). Experimental error was low in RFLPs and RAPDs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224555
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses ton-dipropyl disulfide by ovipositing onion flies: Effects of concentration and site of release (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020553
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of onion fly attractants and ovipositional stimulants by bacterial isolates cultured on onion (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 905-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; Erwinia carotovora varcarotovora ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; food attractant ; ovipositional stimulant ; dipropyl disulfide ; 2-phenylethanol ; pentanoic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Decomposing onions at certain microbial successional stages produce potent volatile attractants and ovipositional stimulants of the onion fly,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). A reproducible source of these compounds was obtained by culturingErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (EC) on sterile onion tissue. In laboratory choice tests, EC-inoculated onion was more attractive thanKlebsiella pneumoniae (KP) cultured on onion, EC cultured on potato (a nonhost of onion fly), or the chemical synthetic baits dipropyl disulfide and an aqueous solution of 2-phenylethanol and pentanoic acid. Onion flies were mildly attracted to potato after inoculation with EC, but females did not accept EC-inoculated potato for oviposition. This work emphasizes that sources of semiochemicals may need to be defined microbiologically as well as physically and chemically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015186
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectra-structure relationships in carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results from a large data base (1979)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 12 (1979), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A link between a substructure searching system and a 13C NMR data base has been established and permits the retrieval and examination of the chemical shifts associated with specific substructures. The means by which these searches are accomplished is described and the results from the searches are presented and discussed. The system is interactive, and can be used to locate in the data base the chemical shifts of carbon atoms in precisely defined environments. Alternatively, it may be used to learn the range of the chemical shifts possessed by particular types of carbon atoms, such as N-methyl or O-methyl carbons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270120508
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fragmentation and rearrangement processes in the mass spectra of perhalogeno-aromatic compounds - VIIFor Part VI, see Ref. 1.. Pentafluorophenyl derivatives of nitrogen (1972)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1972), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of several perfluoroaromatic nitrogen compounds, including primary and secondary amines, diamines, nitriles, hydrazines, azines and azo compounds, are presented. Fragmentation patterns of these compounds are described and the data are discussed in terms of comparisons amongst perfluoroaromatic nitrogen compounds, and with reference to the hydrogen substituted analogs, or to oxygen and sulfur analogs of a particular compound.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210060110
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