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  • Occupational exposure  (1)
  • Rat  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 168-172 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Intestinal absorption ; Methodology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aluminium (Al) intoxication in dialysis patients is held to be caused not only by Al in the dialysis fluid but also by Al from orally administered phosphate binders. Studies on Al absorption in patients and healthy individuals as well as in animals are still scarce, and do not provide sufficient data to characterize the absorption process. This paper presents a method of studying the process of Al absorption in a perfusion system of rat small intestine in vivo, in combination with a cannulation system of the portal vein for serial blood sampling. Determination of concentrations of an absorbed substance in samples of both the perfusion medium and the portal blood, collected during the perfusion period, may clarify the nature of the absorption process. Although this method appears to be useful for the study of the intestinal absorption of any substance, it was adapted for the study of the intestinal absorption of Al compounds. The usefulness of this method for studying Al absorption was demonstrated in an experiment in which Al chloride (0.5 g/l) in buffered media of pH 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 was perfused through the rat small intestine over a period of at least 30 min. The results of this experiment indicate that a decrease in pH of the perfusion medium leads to an increase in absorption of Al in the portal blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. S159 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Occupational exposure ; Skin absorption ; Toluene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A survey was conducted in a rotogravure printing plant with inhalatory and percutaneous exposure to toluene. Workers (n=9) were followed for 2 consecutive days and the frequency and duration of skin contact with toluene were monitored. In order to assess percutaneous absorption an airstream helmet was worn during one day. Urine and exhaled air samples were collected simultaneously 5 times each day for toluene (urine and breath) and hippuric acid (urine). The mean (personal air sampling) exposure concentration was between 30 mg/m3 and 600mg/m3. The best biological monitoring parameter of external exposure (without a helmet) was the concentration toluene in exhaled air 8 h after work (r-0.99). While wearing the airstream helmet the relationship between external exposure (measured in the helmet) and concentrations in exhaled air and urine deviated from the preceding relations. This was likely the result of the high body burden and not of skin contact with toluene. Skin contact with toluene (usually by cleaning of the hands) was limited to 0–30 minutes a day, with an average of about 5 minutes. During experimental exposure (n=6) in which the hands were washed with toluene for 5 minutes the toluene in exhaled air (max after 1040 min) clearly demonstrated skin absorption of toluene. The next morning 0.1 mg/m3 toluene was still detectable; this was less than the concentration measured the next morning in exhaled air of workers: between 0.5 and 10mg/m3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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