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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The puzzle of drug-induced conditioned taste aversion: Comparative studies with cathinone and amphetamine (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 328-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Khat ; Cathinone ; Amphetamine ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Adipsia ; Toxicity ; Self-administration ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The potency of dl-cathinone (the active constituent of the Khat plant) was compared with that of d-amphetamine in the conditioned taste aversion (C. T. A.) procedure and in a test of drug-induced adipsia in rats. Both drugs induced C.T.A., the potency ratio being 1∶17 (amphetamine was more potent). Both drugs induced adipsia in deprived rats given access to water for 120 min. The potency ratio in this procedure was 1∶4. Potency in the C.T.A. procedure did not therefore correlate with potency in inducing adipsia; consequently drug-induced C.T.A. cannot be attributed to conditioned adipsia. In the adipsia test the drugs had similar durations of action, thus factors related to duration of drug action (cf Cappell and Le Blanc 1977) cannot account for the surprisingly low potency of cathinone in the C.T.A. procedure. These data, obtained with stimulant drugs with similar structures and similar actions in a variety of conventional in vivo and in vitro pharmacological tests, illustrate the unpredictable nature of drug actions in the C.T.A. procedure. The low potency of cathinone in inducing C.T.A. could not be predicted from knowledge of the potency of this compound in tests of adipsia (as shown here) or (as reported elsewhere) in tests of anorexia, locomotor stimulation, stereotypy, suppression of operant responding, drug discrimination, release and inhibition of reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline, lethality and actions on the cardiovascular system. All of these studies have reported potency ratios considerably lower than 1∶17, which were nevertheless similar to the 1∶4 ratio observed in the adipsia test. It is suggested that the weak potency of cathinone in the C.T.A. procedure may be related to its comparatively potent reinforcing actions in the self-administration procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432716
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does conditioned nausea mediate drug-induced conditioned taste aversion? (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Conditioned taste aversion ; Scopolamine ; Prochlorperazine ; Lithium ; Amphetamine ; Morphine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two antiemetic drugs were tested on the expression of taste aversions previously conditioned in rats with lithium, amphetamine or morphine. Neither prochlorperazine nor scopolamine administered prior to testing attenuated established aversions, although both drugs are known to have antiemetic effects in other species. Negative findings were obtained with a range of doses of prochlorperazine and scopolamine, with strong and weak aversions, with one- and two-stimulus tests, in a repeated one-stimulus extinction procedure, with between- and within-group designs and with hooded, albino, male and female rats. The results do not support the widely accepted hypothesis that conditioned nausea mediates conditioned taste aversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428165
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of behavioural mechanisms involved in the acquisition of amphetamine anorectic tolerance (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 79 (1983), S. 58-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine anorexia ; Behavioural tolerance ; Food deprivation ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Operant/classical conditioning ; Behavioural augmentation of tolerance ; Compensatory conditioning ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Deprived rats given 2.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine before milk access developed anorectic tolerance. Rats given identical treatment after milk access did not exhibit tolerance in a subsequent test when the drug was given before milk access, nor did they subsequently acquire tolerance more rapidly than drug-naive animals. Manipulations of the amount of lab chow given to supplement milk intake did not affect the rate of development of tolerance, indicating that development of anorectic tolerance could not be explained in terms of increasing food deprivation or body weight loss as has often been suggested. The lack of tolerance in subjects drugged chronically after milk intake was shown not to be due to the development of a conditioned taste aversion in these animals. The possibility that tolerance was due to the acquisition of a classically conditioned compensatory response which attenuated drug effects was investigated. In one experiment the injection procedure was used as a potential conditioned stimulus. A series of placebo injections was given to tolerant rats in an attempt to extinguish any conditioned response, but this failed to attenuate tolerance. No compensatory hyperphagic response was seen after placebo injections. A further experiment was performed in which cues accompanying drug administration were made more salient by transferring animals to a distinct environment (noise, odour, light) after drug administration. Giving the drug subsequently in the home environment did not lead to the loss of tolerance predicted by the conditioning model, nor was there any evidence of hyperphagia in response to a placebo injection in the distinct environment. These results offer indirect support for a learning interpretation of amphetamine anorectic tolerance, but not one that involves classical conditioning of a compensatory response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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