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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  (2)
  • Rat insulinoma cell line  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertriglyceridaemia in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance: relative contributions of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 889-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; hypertriglyceridaemia ; hyperinsulinaemia ; non-esterified fatty acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations are positively correlated in many studies, the relationships between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and hypertriglyceridaemia remain unclear. To study these associations, subjects between the ages of 40 and 64 were randomly selected from a general practice register and invited to attend for a standard oral glucose tolerance test for measurement of insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. The study comprised 1122 subjects who were not previously known to have diabetes and who completed the test. Using the World Health Organisation criteria, 51 subjects were classified to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 188 had impaired glucose tolerance and 883 subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Triglyceride concentrations in subjects with glucose intolerance were elevated compared to those in control subjects, even after adjustment for age, obesity and gender (p〈0.001 for subjects with diabetes and p〈0.01 for those with impaired glucose tolerance compared to normal subjects). In separate multiple regression analyses for males and females, the most important determinants of the plasma triglyceride concentration were the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve (p〈0.001 in both genders) and the waist-hip ratio (p〈0.001 for men and 〈0.01 for women). The fasting insulin concentration was independently associated with triglyceride concentration in women only (p〈0.01). The most important determinant of the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve in men was the 30-min insulin increment, a measure of insulin secretion, (p〈0.001) whereas for women age (p〈0.001) and the body mass index (p〈0.01) were the most important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400944
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathogenesis of NIDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. S162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; immunoassay ; pro-insulin-related molecules ; birth weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Improvements in the specificity and sensitivity of assays for insulin-related molecules in the circulation have proved to be necessary and informative in studies of the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Of particular interest has been the close relationship between increases in des 31,32 split proinsulin and susceptibility to loss of glucose tolerance and the insulin resistance syndrome. It is suggested that the analogy can be drawn between this measurement and the measurement of HbA1c. The amount of this partially processed precursor of insulin in the circulation indicates the degree of glucose stimulus applied to the beta cell combined with the inherent capacity of the insulin secretory system to respond. Further improvements of the sensitivity and specificity of the assay of proinsulin related molecules are desirable. Deterioration of the early insulin response to oral glucose is a major feature of the loss of glucose tolerance associated with the transition from normal to impaired glucose tolerance and to NIDDM. The extent to which this loss of insulin secretion reflects a major predisposing factor in the aetiology of this type of diabetes or is secondary to glucose toxicity or amyloid accumulation remains to be determined. A relationship between birth weight and impaired glucose tolerance, NIDDM and the insulin resistance syndrome has now been observed in two populations in the UK, in Mexican Americans and in Pima Indians. It is therefore reproducible and applicable to widely differing populations. Much further research is indicated to determine, amongst many questions, how much diabetes is associated with this link and what factors explain it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400840
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide regulation of a calcium-activated cation channel in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Rat insulinoma cell line ; CRI-G1 ; Nucleotide regulation ; Calcium-activated nonselective cation channel ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The nucleotide regulation of a calcium-activated nonselective cation (Ca-NS+) channel has been investigated in the rat insulinoma cell line CRI-G1. The activity of the channel is reduced by both AMP and ADP (1–100 μm) in a concentration-dependent manner, with AMP being more potent than ADP. At lower concentrations (0.1–5 μm), both ADP and AMP activate the channel in some patches. Examination of the nucleotide specificity of channel inhibition indicates a high selectivity for AMP over the other nucleotides tested with a rank order of potency of AMP 〉 UMP 〉 CMP ≥GMP. Cyclic nucleotides also modulate channel activity in a complex, concentration-dependent way. Cyclic AMP exhibits a dual effect, predominantly increasing channel activity at low concentrations (0.1–10 μm) and reducing it at higher concentrations (100 μm and 1 mm). Specificity studies indicate that the cyclic nucleotide site mediating inhibition of channel activity exhibits a strong preference for cyclic AMP over cyclic GMP, with cyclic UMP being almost equipotent with cyclic AMP. Cyclic IMP and cyclic CMP are not active at this site. The cyclic nucleotide site mediating activation of the channel shows much less nucleotide specificity than the inhibitory site, with cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and cyclic IMP being almost equally active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238244
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of pyridine nucleotides on the activity of a calcium-activated nonselective cation channel in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 142 (1994), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Calcium-activated nonselective channel ; Rat insulinoma cell line ; CRI-G1 ; Pyridine nucleotides β-NAD+-NS+ channel ; Nucleotide regulation ; AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The activity of a calcium-activated nonselective (Ca-NS+) channel in a rat insulinoma cell line (CRI-G1) is inhibited by pyridine nucleotides in excised patches. The effects of all four pyridine nucleotides tested, β-NAD+, β-NADH, β-NADP+ and β-NADPH were very similar when tested at 0.1 mm, and at 1 mm the phosphorylated forms, β-NADP+ and β-NADPH, appeared to be slightly more potent than β-NAD+ and β-NADH. All the pyridine nucleotides tested reduced both the open state probability of the channel and the number of functional channels observed in a single patch. The application of β-NAD+, but not of the other nucleotides tested, to the cytoplasmic surface of isolated inside-out patches from CRI-G1 cells opened a novel nonselective cation channel (the β-NAD+-NS+ channel). The activity of this new channel is calcium sensitive and may also be inhibited by AMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233437
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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