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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors regulating predation by first-instar spined assassin bugs [Sinea diadema (Fabricius)] (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Reduviidae ; interspecific predation ; intraspecific predation ; nutrition ; kin recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selected nutritional and developmental factors regulating the predatory behavior of first-instar spined assassin bugsSinea diadema (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were investigated. The longevity of unfed nymphs provided with free water, bean pod sections, or glucose solutions was not significantly greater than that of unfed nymphs which were not provided with a source of water. First-instarS. diadema that were provided with larvae ofEphestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as prey began feeding 1.9 (±0.9) days after hatching. In contrast, first-instarS. diadema that were provided with conspecifics of the same age did not begin feeding until they were 3.9 (±0.9) days old. These results suggest that the potential nutritional benefits to be gained from feeding equal or outweigh the risk of attacking prey capable of effective self-defense only when nymphs have not fed for 4 days after hatching. Providing the nymphs with water or glucose solutions significantly delayed the onset of conspecific predation. Additional data are presented which demonstrate that first-instarS. diadema are not restrained from preying on siblings by kin recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02213721
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hunger on intraspecific interactions between first-instarSinea diadema (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: predator-prey interactions ; Reduviidae ; hunger ; cannibalism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fed and unfed first instars of the spined assassin bugSinea diadema were paired to evaluate the effects of food deprivation on their behaviour during encounters. Fed nymphs encountering starved 5-day-old nymphs retreated from 69% of the encounters after contacting the starved nymph. In contrast, starved nymphs initiated grappling during 30% of the encounters with fed nymphs and retreated significantly less often than the fed nymphs. When a single fed nymph was placed together with two unfed 3-day-old nymphs in a closed arena, the fed nymphs generally were not the first nymph cannibalized and were the final survivors in 67% of 24 replicates. These results are discussed in the context of the relative costs and benefits of escalating or retreating from encounters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02213722
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behavior by reward-related stimuli (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 373-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Compulsion ; Addiction ; Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Cannabis ; Phencyclidine ; Nucleus accumbens ; Amygdala ; Frontal cortex ; Limbic ; Stimulus-reward association ; Conditioned reward ; Sensitization ; Drug-seeking ; Inhibitory control ; Cognition ; Conditioned stimulus ; Incentive motivational ; Dopamine ; Rat ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Drug abuse and dependence define behavioral states involving increased allocation of behavior towards drug seeking and taking at the expense of more appropriate behavioral patterns. As such, addiction can be viewed as increased control of behavior by the desired drug (due to its unconditioned, rewarding properties). It is also clear that drug-associated (conditioned) stimuli acquire heightened abilities to control behaviors. These phenomena have been linked with dopamine function within the ventral striatum and amygdala and have been described specifically in terms of motivational and incentive learning processes. New data are emerging that suggest that regions of the frontal cortex involved in inhibitory response control are directly affected by long-term exposure to drugs of abuse. The result of chronic drug use may be frontal cortical cognitive dysfunction, resulting in an inability to inhibit inappropriate unconditioned or conditioned responses elicited by drugs, by related stimuli or by internal drive states. Drug-seeking behavior may thus be due to two related phenomena: (1) augmented incentive motivational qualities of the drug and associated stimuli (due to limbic/amygdalar dysfunction) and (2) impaired inhibitory control (due to frontal cortical dysfunction). In this review, we consider the neuro-anatomical and neurochemical substrates subserving inhibitory control and motivational processes in the rodent and primate brain and their putative impact on drug seeking. The evidence for cognitive impulsivity in drug abuse associated with dysfunction of the frontostriatal system will be discussed, and an integrative hypothesis for compulsive reward-seeking in drug abuse will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005483
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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