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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spine fracture risk is predicted by non-spine fractures (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone mass ; Bone density ; Fracture incidence ; Fracture prevalence ; Longitudinal studies ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective cohort study of 1098 postmenopausal Japanese-American women evaluated the relationship between baseline non-spine fractures and new (incident) spine fractures. At the baseline examination in 1981, prevalent non-spine fractures were ascertained by interview, and prevalent spine fractures by radiograph. Bone mass measurements of the distal radius, proximal radius, calcaneus (1981), the lumbar spine (1984) were obtained and repeated at 1- to 2-year intervals. Women with existing non-spine fractures have a threefold greater risk of subsequent spine fractures, independent of bone mass, and independent of the known association between prevalent spine fractures and subsequent spine fractures. Women with both a prevalent non-spine fracture and low bone mass (50th percentile or lower) have an eightfold greater risk of new spine fractures compared with women above the 50th percentile of bone mass and no prevalent fractures. In addition to low bone mass, both prevalent spine fractures and prevalent non-spine fractures are strong risk factors for subsequent spine fracture. These data suggest that not all osteoporotic risk factors are expressed via bone mass, and that other, unmeasured risk factors, such as bone quality defects, may explain these results. In clinical terms, women with both prevalent fractures and low bone mass should be recognized as being at extremely high risk, and treatment potency should be commensurate with this level of risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02352253
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting vertebral fracture incidence from prevalent fractures and bone density among non-black, osteoporotic women (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone density ; Prospective studies ; Risk factors ; Vertebral fracture incidence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the ability of bone density and vertebral fractures at baseline to predict vertebral fracture incidence in a cohort of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The study population was 380 postmenopausal women (mean age 65 years) treated for osteoporosis in a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of the bisphosphonate etidronate at seven geographic centers in the United States. Baseline measurements of bone mineral density were obtained in 1986 by quantitative computed tomography at the spine and dual-photon absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and hip. Vertebral fractures were documented on serial spine radiographs. Proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the ability to predict the risk of subsequent fractures during an average of 2.9 years of follow-up. Presence of one or two fractures increased the rate of new vertebral fractures 7.4-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.0 to 55.9). Additional fractures at baseline further increased the fracture rate. A decrease of 2 standard deviations in spinal bone density by absorptiometry was associated with a 5.8-fold increase in fracture rate (95% confidence interval = 2.9 to 11.6). The lowest and highest quintiles of bone density had absolute fracture rates of 120 and 6 cases per 1000 patient-years, respectively. In general, the simultaneous use of two predictors (bone density and prevalent fractures or two bone density measurements) improved fracture prediction, compared with the use of a single predictor. We conclude that both bone density and prevalent vertebral fractures are strong, complementary predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that physicians can use bone density and prevalent vertebral fractures, individually or in combination, as risk factors to identify patients at greatest risk of new fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623272
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-related effects of selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on slow wave sleep in humans (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 568-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Slow wave sleep ; 5-HT2/1c receptor ; Ritanserin ; ICI 169,369 ; Home sleep recordings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, ritanserin (1, 5 and 10 mg) and ICI 169,369 (50 and 100 mg), were studied on the sleep EEG of healthy volunteers using home-based Medilog 9000 cassette monitoring. Ritanserin (5 and 10 mg) produced a significant increase in slow wave sleep (SWS) while ICI 169,369 also increased SWS but only at a dose of 100 mg. These findings are consistent with the proposal that selective 5-HT2 receptor blockade increases SWS in humans; however, the data cannot exclude involvement of the closely related 5-HT1c receptor in this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244239
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow wave sleep and 5-HT2 receptor sensitivity in generalised anxiety disorder: a pilot study with ritanserin (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 387-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Slow wave sleep ; Ritanserin ; 5-HT2 receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and eight matched healthy controls had their polysomnogram measured on two occasions separated by 1 week. On one occasion they received the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin (5 mg orally) and on the other matching placebo. The increase in slow wave sleep produced by ritanserin was the same in GAD patients as in healthy controls. These findings do not support the hypothesis that GAD is associated with a generalised hypersensitivity of brain 5-HT2 receptors; however, the present data cannot exclude the presence of a regionally specific change in this receptor subtype in anxiety disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245128
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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