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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of invA, pagC and spvC genes amongSalmonella isolates from animals (1995)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 19 (1995), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: diagnosis ; gene ; invA ; pagC ; Salmonella ; spvC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New molecular diagnostic techniques often rely on hybridization or amplification of specific DNA regions to detect pathogenic bacteria. The choice of genes to be used as probes or as the targets of amplification techniques is critical to the success of these procedures. The genes so used might best be those associated with virulent isolates and having a wide distribution among such isolates. In this study three genes,invA, pagC andspvC, thought to be associated with the virulence of salmonellae, were labelled and used to probe the total DNA from 103Salmonella isolates from animals in an attempt to determine whether these genes might be useful in diagnostic procedures.pagC was detected in 99% of theSalmonella tested, andinvA was detected in 94.2% of the isolates. BothpagC andinvA were detected with a significantly higher frequency thanspvC in isolates from chickens and swine, but no significant difference in detection of these three genes occurred when bovine isolates were examined. Failure to detect any of these genes occurred in only one isolate. Isolates from apparently healthy or from clinically ill chickens and swine could not be distinguished by detecting these three genes. The genes were not detected in the non-Salmonella strains tested. These results suggest that, of these three genes,pagC may be the best choice for use as a probe or polymerase chain reaction target in future detection protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839295
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and characterization ofSalmonella typhimurium from a dairy herd in North Dakota (1995)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 19 (1995), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: antibiotic resistance ; cattle ; delayed secondary enrichment ; detection ; faeces ; primary enrichment ; Salmonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nasal secretions, faecal samples and buffy coats were obtained from 102 cattle from a North Dakota dairy herd with a history of calf scours. Treated buffy coats, faecal samples and nasal secretions were inoculated into tetrathionate broth (TB), incubated at 37°C overnight, and plated onto brilliant green agar medium with novobiocin (BGAN). The TB was left at room temperature for 5 days and then used to inoculate fresh TB. The fresh TB was incubated at 37°C over night and plated onto BGAN medium. All the plates were incubated at 37°C over night and observed forSalmonella-like growth. Suspect colonies were further tested andSalmonella isolates were serotyped by the National Veterinary Services laboratory. Twenty-two of the 36 calves sampled harbouredS. typhimurium in their faeces, but no samples from cows were positive. NoSalmonella were isolated from the buffy coats, but 4 calves were shown to haveSalmonella in their nasal secretions. Extended enrichment of the faecal cultures in TB resulted in a significant increase inSalmonella isolations, although 2 samples were positive following the initial enrichment period and not after secondary enrichment. The typicalSalmonella isolate detected from this herd contained a transmissible R-plasmid encoding resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, sulphisoxazole and ampicillin. This study confirmed that delayed secondary enrichment in TB is superior to primary enrichment for detection ofSalmonella from cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839246
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Salmonella Dublin and Salmonella Typhimurium (Copenhagen) Isolates from Cattle (1997)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 21 (1997), S. 409-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: aerobactin ; antibiotic ; capsule ; cattle ; colicin ; haemolysin ; plasmid ; Salmonella ; spvC gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brackelsberg, C.A., Nolan, L.K. and Brown, J., 1997. Characterization of Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates from cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 409-420 Eight Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) and eight Salmonella dublin isolates from cattle were compared by their antibiotic resistance patterns, by their production of colicin, aerobactin, haemolysin and capsule, by their possession of transmissible R plasmids and the spvC gene, and by their ability to invade and replicate within cultured epithelial cells. The two groups differed in their antibiotic resistance profiles, with more of the host-adapted S. dublin isolates resistant to tetracycline than were the non-host-adapted S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) group, but more of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates resistant to the other antibiotics tested. None of the isolates produced colicin, but all produced aerobactin. One isolate in each group was encapsulated. All of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) and S. dublin isolates contained plasmids, and all of them contained the spvC-homologous sequences. Four of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates were able to transfer an R plasmid to a recipient organism by conjugation. One of the five S. dublin isolates, which showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested, was able to transfer an R plasmid by conjugation. Both groups of isolates invaded cultured epithelial cells to a similar degree after 1 h, but the S. dublin isolates reached significantly higher levels within the cells than did S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) after 9 h. This ability may, in part, explain the association of S. dublin with more severe forms of salmonellosis and prolonged carrier states. Further study of the intracellular growth of these isolates seems warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005803301827
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiotensin II binding to tissues of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, studied by autoradiography (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1992), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Autoradiography ; Seawater-adaptation ; trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (= Salmogairdneri)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue slices from seawater-adapted and freshwater-adapted rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to 125I-angiotensin II (1.01·10-9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. Binding/uptake was significantly inhibited by excess (10-5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, suggesting specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II to the ventral and dorsal aorta (smooth muscle), urinary bladder (smooth muscle and epithelial lining), glomeruli and proximal tubules, the gill (lamellae and central filament), skin (epithelium), intestine and oesophagus (mucosal epithelium), liver, heart (ventricular myocytes), adrenocortical tissue and brain (cerebellum and medulla oblongata). The specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II to tissues of freshwater- and seawater-adapted animals were generally similar. However, binding/uptake by the proximal tubules was significantly higher in freshwater-adapted trout than seawater-adapted trout. Specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II by the smooth muscle of the bladder was significantly higher in trout adapted to seawater than trout adapted to freshwater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357523
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct effects of angiotensin II on glomerular ultrastructure in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Glomerular ultrastructure ; Seawater adaptation ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slices from the kidneys of the rainbow trout which were exposed to 10-6 or 10-5 M angiotensin II (AII) and isolated glomeruli exposed to 10-7 or 10-5 M AII showed ultrastructural changes compared to control tissues incubated without AII. The studies indicate that angiotensin II has a direct action on glomerular ultrastructure, flattening the epithelial podocytes and broadening the primary processes with fusion of pedicels in extreme cases. These changes suggest a probable effect of AII on water permeability of the trout glomerulus, an intrarenal action which is believed to form an essential part of the antidiuretic adaptation to increased environmental salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318634
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular ultrastructure of the trout, Salmo gairdneri: Effects of angiotensin II and adaptation to seawater (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Glomerulus ; Salmo gairdneri ; Seawater-adaptation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of angiotensin infusion on the glomerular ultrastructure of freshwater- and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Adaptation of trout to seawater resulted in epithelial podocyte flattening, primary process broadening and apparent loss of foot processes in almost all glomeruli, features which were uncommon in freshwater-adapted trout. Similar changes were induced by infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the modification of glomerular epithelial ultrastructure. Adaptation of trout to seawater also reduced glomerular diameter, but infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin did not mirror this effect. Infusion of angiotensin into seawater-adapted animals increased the overall thickness of glomerular basement membrane by increasing the lamina rara interna and lamina densa. This did not occur when freshwater-adapted fish were either infused with angiotensin or adapted to seawater. These findings suggest that other humoral systems are involved in the control of glomerular diameter and basement membrane thickness as part of an integrated response to increased environmental salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215528
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular binding of angiotensin II in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated glomeruli of the rainbow trout have been exposed in vitro to125I-angiotensin II (0.88 × 10−9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. These studies provide evidence of specific binding of angiotensin II by glomeruli. Binding was significantly inhibited by excess (10−5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, but a high degree of non-specific binding also occurred. The mammalian competitive antagonist, saralasin (3 × 10−7 M) did not influence125I-angiotensin II binding to fish glomeruli. Intense binding of125I-angiotensin II was noted at the vascular pole of some glomeruli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740774
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