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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial supply of the choriocapillaris of anuran amphibians (Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye ; Choriocapillaris ; Angioarchitecture ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Vascular microcorrosion casts ; Rana temporaria ; Rana esculenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pattern of the vascular supply to the choroid of the frog eye was studied in toto with the use of the injection-replication-SEM technique. The choroid of anuran amphibians is composed mainly of the choriocapillaris. In both species studied (Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta), an independent arterial supply to the choriocapillaris supplemented that from the ciliary arteries. This additional vascular route arises from the optic artery, a separate branch of the arteria infundibularis superficialis. The optic artery, accompanied by its vein within the vascular sheath of the optic nerve, joins the rich arterial capillary network of the choriocapillaris and supplies the posterior pole of the ocular bulb. The superficial capillary network displays a dense collar around the entrance of the optic nerve into the eye and is composed of a circular meshwork of small capillaries, several layers deep. More peripherally, however, it becomes single layered. This capillary network, as a whole, establishes numerous connections with the adjacent choriocapillaris at the posterior pole of the ocular bulb. In anuran amphibians the complex arrangement of both arterial systems supporting the choriocapillaris may be regarded as a more complete equivalent of the short posterior ciliary arteries of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215423
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The superficial vascular hyaloid system in the eye of the frogs, Rana temporaria and Rana esculenta (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye ; Angioarchitecture ; Hyaloid ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Vascular microcorrosion casts ; Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The angioarchitecture of the superficial vascular hyaloid system (membrana vasculosa retinae) of the frog eye was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. The terminal vessels form a single-layered sheath intimately adjacent to the vitreal side of the avascular retina. The hyaloid system is subdivided by the ventral venous trunk into three central areas: the dorsal, the temporo-ventral, and the naso-ventral area. Toward the ora serrata, the hyaloid system is bordered by an arterial ring, and by nasal and temporal venous branches forming more or less complete hemicircles. A vascular zone composed of several tongue-like sectors establishes an inter-connection between the peripheral vascular rings and the central areas of the fundus. The arterial blood is supplied from the arterial ring. The drainage of the hyaloid system is provided via two routes: (1) the Y-shaped ventral trunk collects blood from the central areas, (2) the two peripheral venous branches drain the tongue-like sectors. The vessels within the dorsal area follow preferentially a dorso-ventral meridional direction. This densely capillarized territory corresponds in localization to the area centralis retinae. The ultrastructure of microvessels of the hyaloid system is characterized by features typical for capillaries of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219093
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thymic vascular system of the European common frog, Rana temporaria: a scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular casts (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Thymus ; Microvasculature ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Frog ; Rana temporaria (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Vascular corrosion casts of the thymus of adult individuals of the European common frog, Rana temporaria, were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The main arterial vessel, which is derived either from the temporal artery or from the auricular ramus, approaches the central territory of the gland and branches into ”twigs” that, on penetrating the parenchyma, give rise to capillaries. Most of these capillaries run vertically towards the surface of the gland; they either join the superficial capillary plexus or follow this plexus for a variable distance and then run back towards the medulla, forming capillary loops. The former capillaries link with the extensive venous plexus composed of irregular meshes, whereas the latter capillaries join the venules at the cortico-medullary boundary and finally escape into collecting veins on the gland surface. The venous twigs, which join together near the gland, form the main thymic vein, which empties into the external jugular vein. The details of the thymic vasculature of the anuran amphibian, R.temporaria, are compared with those described in mammalian species, viz. the mouse, rat and guinea pig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050450
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thymic vascular system of the European common frog, Rana temporaria: a scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular casts (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Microvasculature ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Frog, Rana temporaria (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vascular corrosion casts of the thymus of adult individuals of the European common frog, Rana temporaria, were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The main arterial vessel, which is derived either from the temporal artery or from the auricular ramus, approaches the central territory of the gland and branches into “twigs” that, on penetrating the parenchyma, give rise to capillaries. Most of these capillaries run vertically towards the surface of the gland; they either join the superficial capillary plexus or follow this plexus for a variable distance and then run back towards the medulla, forming capillary loops. The former capillaries link with the extensive venous plexus composed of irregular meshes, whereas the latter capillaries join the venules at the cortico-medullary boundary and finally escape into collecting veins on the gland surface. The venous twigs, which join together near the gland, form the main thymic vein, which empties into the external jugular vein. The details of the thymic vasculature of the anuran amphibian, R. temporaria, are compared with those described in mammalian species, viz. the mouse, rat and guinea pig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417872
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascularization of the pars distalis of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, pars distalis ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascularization of the pars distalis of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.), was studied by the traditional method of injecting a mixture of India-ink and gelatine into the circulatory system of the head via the arteria carotis communis. Further, methyl-methacrylate corrosion casts of the brains were made; the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial region of these corrosion casts was studied with the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the portal vessels which arise from the median eminence do not supply distinct areas in the pars distalis as is supposed by the point-to-point-hypothesis. The portal vessels enter the ventro-median region of the pars distalis and branch off into a three-dimensional network of the secondary capillary plexus of the pars distalis. The plexus is made up mostly by four- to six-sided meshes. This angioarchitecture guarantees an optimal supply of the glandular cells of the pars distalis with nutritional factors and releasing hormones, on the one hand, and facilitates the removal of the hormones which are released by these cells, on the other hand. The venous drainage of the pars distalis is exerted mainly by two large veins, which bilaterally leave the dorso-lateral region (venous pole) of the pars distalis and by a few small veins, which drain into the wide, sinus-like vessel, which curves around the dorso-caudal region of the pars distalis and joins bilaterally the vena hypophysea transversa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278459
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascularization of the pars intermedia of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, pars intermedia ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascularization of the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) was studied by injection of a mixture of India-ink and gelatine into the circulatory system of the head via the arteria carotis communis. Further methyl-methacrylate corrosion casts of brains were made and the hypophysial region of the corrosion casts was examined with the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the vascularization of the pars intermedia of the toad hypophysis consists of a single-layered vascular network, which is located on the ventral surface of the pars intermedia. The network is formed by capillaries, which primarily run caudally in a fan-like manner and which show only a few cross-connections. In the rostral region of the pars intermedia this network lies rather superficially, while in the caudal region it slightly penetrates the parenchyma. The vascular network originates from vessels of the neural stalk and from wide capillaries of the rostro-ventral region of the neurointermediate junction. The venous drainage of the pars intermedia is exerted by veins, which leave the caudal region and drain into the veins leaving the venous pole of the pars distalis. The fiat, wide meshed vascular net on the ventral side of the pars intermedia, demonstrated in this study, fits into the concept that the pars intermedia of the anuran hypophysis is under the control of nerve fibers coming from the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278460
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vascularization of the neural stalk and the pars nervosa of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (amphibia, anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, neural stalk, pars nervosa ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The angioarchitecture of the neural stalk and the encephalo-posthypophysial portal system of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.), was studied using three different methods. The neural stalk is mainly supplied by branches of the arteria infundibularis superficialis which form a widemeshed vascular network. Dorsally this network continues into the plexus of the pars nervosa. The vascularization of the pars nervosa is made up of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal system. This portal system consists of a hypothalamic branch (=portion), a mesencephalic and a mesencephalic-bulbar branch (=portion). The hypothalamic branch was found to drain the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum as well as more dorsal regions of the diencephalon. The mesencephalic-bulbar trunk enters the hypothalamic branch. The resulting common stem of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal vein then curves around the retroinfundibular communicating artery, crosses its ventral side and runs caudally. The secondary capillary plexus of the pars nervosa is characterized by well defined capillary networks which are located at the periphery of the parenchyma of the pars nervosa, thus forming a rostral, dorsal and ventro-caudal net. The central region of the parenchyma of the pars nervosa is supplied only by main branches of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal vein. The venous drainage of the pars nervosa is via the vena hypophysea transversa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220166
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