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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic limb movements during sleep are a frequent finding in patients with Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Gilles de la Tourette’s ; syndrome ; Restless legs syndrome ; Periodic leg movements during ; sleep ; Periodic limb movements ; Insomnia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome (GTS) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are two different neurological disorders with common features such as involuntary movements. In both disorders a disturbance of the dopaminergic system has been considered among other possible mechanisms. Since periodic leg movements (PLMS) during sleep are the predominant objective finding in RLS, the aim of this study was to investigate sleep parameters in GTS patients with particular emphasis on PLMS. Seven drug-free patients with GTS and seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied polysomnographically, including superficial electromyogram (EMG) leads on all four extremities. A high number of PLMS were found in five of seven, and periodic arm movements in four of seven GTS patients. Total sleep time was significantly lower (P 〈 0.05) in the GTS patients than in the controls, which confirms earlier findings. The presence of PLMS in GTS might point towards evidence for a pathophysiological relationship between GTS and RLS, which, however, is not supported by the different responses to pharmacological treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050136
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sleep in depression: the influence of age, gender and diagnostic subtype on baseline sleep and the cholinergic REM induction test with RS 86 (1994)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1994), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Major depression ; Slow wave sleep ; REM sleep ; Cholinergic REM induction test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and eight healthy controls and 178 patients with a major depressive disorder according to DSM-III were investigated in the sleep laboratory after a 7-day drug wash-out period. Subsamples of 36 healthy controls and 56 patients additionally took part in the cholinergic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep induction test with RS 86. Data analysis revealed that age exerted powerful influences on sleep in control subjects and depressed patients. Sleep efficiency and amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) decreased with age, whereas the number of awakenings, early morning awakening, and amounts of wake time and stage 1 increased with age. REM latency was negatively correlated with age only in the group of patients with a major depression. Statistical analysis revealed group differences for almost all parameters of sleep continuity with disturbed indices in the depressed group. Differences in SWS were not detected. REM latency and REM density were altered in depression compared to healthy subjects. Sex differences existed for the amounts of stage 1 and SWS. The cholinergic REM induction test resulted in a significantly more pronounced induction of REM sleep in depressed patients compared with healthy controls, provoking sleep onset REM periods as well in those depressed patients showing baseline REM latencies in the normal range. Depressed patients with or without melancholia (according to DSM-III) did not differ from each other, either concerning baseline sleep or with respect to the results of the cholinergic REM induction test. The results stress the importance of age when comparing sleep patterns of healthy controls with those of depressed patients. Furthermore they underline the usefulness of the cholinergic REM induction test for differentiating depressed patients from healthy controls and support the reciprocal interaction model of nonREM-REM regulation and the cholinergic-aminergic imbalance hypothesis of affective disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191586
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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