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  • Neodiprion autumnalis  (2)
  • Spasmodic torticollis  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of induced water stress in ponderosa pine on pine sawflies (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 83 (1990), S. 452-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Water stress ; Needle water potentital ; Pinus ponderosa ; Neodiprion fulviceps ; Neodiprion autumnalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three levels of water stress were induced on pole-size ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) to determine the influence of plant moisture stress on oviposition, survival, and growth of two species of pine sawfly (Neodiprion fulviceps and N. autumnalis). It was found that water stress affected oviposition and subsequent egg survival but not larval development or survival. Stress had a negative effect on early season oviposition (N. fulviceps) and a positive effect on late season oviposition (N. autumnalis). Egg hatch was different between species and years and among treatment levels. Larval development, feeding, and survival were not affected by water stress. Overall, the effect of stress was not sufficient to explain population outbreaks of sawflies. Several hypotheses are presented as possible explanations for the observed experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317194
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of watering and trenching ponderosa pine on a pine sawfly (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 382-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Host-herbivore interactions ; Water stress ; Herbivory ; Ponderosa pine ; Pinus ponderosa ; Diprionidae ; Sawflies ; Neodiprion autumnalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Neodiprion autumnalis (Smith) larvae were caged for two successive years on root-trenched, watered, and untreated ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws.) to determine effects of host moisture stress on larval feeding. Levels of moisture stress (as measured by the Scholander pressure chamber) differed significantly among treatment levels during 1984 and 1985 larval feeding periods. Differences in larval feeding success were not detected in 1984. In 1985, however, larvae on trenched (stressed) trees clipped and rejected more foliage, consumed more needles, had lower pupal weights, lower survival, and a longer feeding period than larvae on watered or untreated trees. Frass production did not differ among treatment levels. The length of the feeding period was shorter for larvae on watered trees than for larvae on untreated trees, but other measures of feeding success did not significantly differ between watered and untreated trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378711
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and polymyographic investigation of spasmodic torticollis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis ; Botulinum toxin ; Polymyography ; Pathophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polymyographic recordings were used to identify the most dystonic muscles suitable for local injection with botulinum toxin in 100 patients with spasmodic torticollis (TS). Rotating TS (72% of the patients) was due to dystonic activity of the splenius muscle ipsilateral to and/or the sternocleidomastoid muscle contralateral to the side of chin deviation. One-third of these patients had also dystonic activation of the contralateral splenius muscle and, rarely, the contralateral trapezius muscle. Ten patients had laterocollis due to dystonic activation of all recorded muscles on one side of the neck. Nine patients had retrocollis due to activity of both splenius muscles and rarely additional activity in both trapezius muscles. The type of dystonic muscle activity was found to be tonic, phasic or tremulous. Besides the evaluation of spontaneous dystonic EMG activity further examination during the “geste antagoniste” or the muscle activity during rotating head movements can provide additional information. It is concluded that polymyography may provide a rationale for identifying the dystonic muscles underlying the different forms of TS. It may prove to be helpful for the successful therapy with botulinum toxin and may be useful in differentiating tremulous torticollis from other types of head tremor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of spasmodic torticollis with local injections of botulinum toxin (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis ; Botulinum toxin ; Poly-EMG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven patients with spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia) who received repeated local injections of botulinum toxin have been followed up for a mean period of 12.3 (10–29) months, during which time 138 treatment sessions were performed. Mean doses per muscle averaged 320 mouse units (mu; range 160–1000 mu botulinum toxin A prepared by CAMR, Porton Down, UK). Eighty-six per cent of patients experienced significant improvement of posture and 84% of those with pain had relief following the first injection. Muscular patterns of recurrent torticollis were relatively constant and in most patients efficacy was maintained with subsequent injections, while 15% of all follow-up sessions failed. Only 2 of 37 patients were consistent non-responders; 22% and 10% of all sessions were complicated by transient dysphagia and weakness of neck muscles, respectively. It is concluded that local botulinum toxin injections can be a safe and efficaceous long-term treatment of spasmodic torticollis and that optimal doses should be between 200 and 400 mu/muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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