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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumental analysis of ethanol-induced intoxication in human males (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 8-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Blood ethanol concentration ; Instrumental response ; Verbal behavior ; Time-effect relations ; Human subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to assess subjective reports of intoxication during the ascending phase of the plasma ethanol curve. Eighteen male social drinkers were divided into three groups and were given either placebo, 0.347 g/kg ethanol or 0.694 g/kg ethanol under double-blind conditions. Subjects reported levels of intoxication both instrumentally, by moving a joystick device, and verbally using an 11-point self-rating scale. Compared to placebo, ethanol produced significantly higher verbal self-rating scores, but there were no differences in the scores between the low-and high-dose ethanol groups. Instrumental responses of ethanol effects did, however, distinguish between the two ethanol treatments. All subjects who received ethanol reliably detected its effects when plasma ethanol levels reached 32 mg/dl, but only the subjects who received the high dose reported episodes of intense well-being or euphoria. Ethanol-induced euphoria occurred while plasma ethanol levels were rapidly rising, and was characterized by multiple, paroxysmal episodes that typically lasted about 3 min each. This study demonstrated that a continuously available instrumental response provided sensitive and reliable measures of rapidly changing behavioral states associated with ethanol-induced intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical and mechanical modeling of heat transport through the heart (1987)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 15 (1987), S. 603-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Blood temperature ; Thermodilution ; Heat transport ; Cardiac output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pulmonary artery blood temperature manifests large variations which obscure the measurement of cardiac parameters by thermodilution techniques. We have created three mathematical models of heat flow through the heart in order to better understand the origins of the temperature fluctuations in the pulmonary artery. These lumped parameter models are based on a serial connection of two mixing chambers, which correspond to the atrium and ventricle of the heart. We have used the models to predict temperature fluctuations in the outlet, based on measurements of inlet flow, inlet temperature, and the timing of the cardiac cycle, of a mechanical right artificial heart in a mock circulatory loop. The most complex model accurately predicts the outflow temperature from the input variables and provides a quantitative description of heat transport across the heart under many operating conditions. The simplified models illustrate the conditions under which is possible to predict the outflow temperature from the inflow temperatures alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02364252
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal processing strategies for enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio of thermodilution measurements (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 16 (1988), S. 265-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Thermodilution ; Pulmonary artery blood temperature ; Signal processing ; Cardiac output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thermodilution measurements of clinically important cardiac parameters, such as cardiac output and stroke volume, are subject to many sources of error. The temperature fluctuations (thermal noise) normally found in the pulmonary artery constitute one of these sources of errors. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of thermodilution flow measurements rather than increase the signal level, we investigated four signal processing strategies designed to reduce the thermal noise power. We applied the noise reduction strategies to thermal noise data, containing simulated thermodilution curves, obtained in a mock circulatory loop. We compared the accuracy and reproducibility of the curve area estimates produced by the algorithms to the area estimates obtained by numerical integration of the thermal signal. Our results show that a bandpass (BP) integration technique combined with a noise canceler can improve thermodilution curve area estimate reproducibility and accuracy. The BP integration technique improved the reproducibility of cardiac output measurements by roughly 16 dB and is directly applicable to most thermodilution hardware currently in use. The more accurate noise cancelers, combined with the BP integration technique, provided correspondingly improved signal-to-noise ratios, with the improvement ranging up to 50 dB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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