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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • Reproduction  (1)
  • Time domain method  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weather, microclimate, and energy costs of thermoregulation for breeding Adélie Penguins (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 83 (1990), S. 420-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adélie Penguin ; energetics ; Microclimate ; Reproduction ; Thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We measured meteorological conditions and estimated the energy costs of thermoregulation for young and adult Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at a breeding colony near the Antarctic Peninsula. Air temperatures averaged 〈 5°C and strong winds were frequent. Operative temperatures (Te) for adults ranged from −8 to 28°C, averaging 5–6°C, for the period from courtship to fledging of chicks. The average energy cost of thermoregulation (Cth) for adult penguins was equivalent to 10–16% of basal metabolism. Cth comprised about 15% of the estimated daily energy budget (DEB) of incubating adults, but only about 1% of the DEB of adults feeding chicks. The Te's for chicks older than 14 days ranged from 0 to 31°C, averaging 8.0 C. The Cth for downy chicks ranged from about 31% of minimal metabolic rate (MMR) in 1 kg chicks to about 10% of MMR in 3 kg chicks. Between initial thermal independence (age 12–14 days) and the cessation of parental feeding (age 35–40 days), chicks use about 10–11% of assimilated energy for thermoregulation. Cth is equivalent to about 17% of the MMR of fledglings during their 2–3 week fast. We observed no indication of thermal stress (i.e., conditions in which birds cannot maintain stable Tb) in adults and no indication of cold stress in any age class. However, on clear, calm days when air temperature exceeds 7–10°C for several hours, downy chicks are vulnerable to lethal hyperthermia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317570
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unstructured grid algorithm for the solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 19 (1994), S. 849-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unstructured grids ; Electromagnetic scattering ; Time domain method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The solution of problems involving the scattering of plane electromagnetic waves by perfectly conducting obstacles is considered. The governing equations are Maxwell's equations, which are expressed in a conservation form. The solution is then obtained by modifying a technique which was applied originally to the solution of the compressible Euler equations on a mesh consisting of an unstructured assembly of linear triangular elements in 3D. The computed solution can be used to determine the radar cross-section of the scatterer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650190907
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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