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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface morphology of the perfused rabbit ovary (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 240 (1987), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Ovary ; Surface epithelium ; Perfusion ; Rabbit ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using transmission electron microscopy we examined the morphology of the surface epithelium of the isolated and perfused rabbit ovary after an ovulatory dose of HCG. Rupture of follicles occurred in vitro approximately 13 h after HCG-injection and 6 h after the start of perfusion. The ultrastructural changes during the perfusion were similar to those occurring in vivo. The perfused ovarian epithelium had villous processes of varied architectural complexity with squamoid and cuboid epithelial cells. The superficial cells contained pinocytotic vesicles, coated and noncoated endocytotic caveolae, and occasional vacuoles. Dense bodies were more commonly found in vitro than in vivo. Occasionally structures similar to “Call-Exner-bodies” were found on the surface epithelium near to preovulatory follicles. Intercellular spaces of various sizes were also numerous. Disappearance of surface epithelium in the apex of follicles was often observed and the matrix of the tunica albuginea consisted of dissociated fibers and degenerating cells. This study showed that the isolated perfused rabbit ovary can serve as a model for studying the biology and pathology of ovarian surface epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02134062
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinically probable brainstem stroke presenting primarily as dysphagia and nonvisualized by MRI (1993)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Dysphagia ; Brainstem stroke/infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Swallowing ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with clinically probable brain-stem stroke presenting primarily as acute dysphagia but without visible brainstem abnormality by MRI are described. The patients were evaluated with neurologic examinations, cinepharyngoesophagography, and brain MRI studies. Each patient solely or predominately experienced sudden pharyngeal dysphagia, and additional symptoms or signs other than dysphonia or dysarthria were scarce. Small vessel disease or cardiac embolism were the apparent causes of what appear to have been very discrete brainstem strokes in these patients. Acute pharyngeal dysphagia can be the sole or primary manifestation of brainstem stroke. A negative MRI study should not preclude consideration of this diagnosis, if brainstem stroke is otherwise clinically probable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354544
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swallowing therapy of neurologic patients: Correlation of outcome with pretreatment variables and therapeutic methods (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Dysphagia ; Swallowing therapy ; Swallowing rehabilitation ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of swallowing therapy in 58 patients with neurologic disorders are presented. All patients received tube feeding, either partially or exclusively, at admission, and successful outcomes, defined as exclusively oral feeding, were achieved in 67% of patients over a median treatment interval of 15 weeks. A subset of 11 patients who had experienced disease onset 25 weeks or more prior to admission nonetheless had a similar success rate of 64%. No other pretreatment variable, including age, localization of lesion, type or degree of aspiration, or cognitive status, correlated with successful outcome. Indirect therapy methods such as stimulation techniques and exercises to enhance the swallowing reflex, alter muscle tone, and improve voluntary function of the orofacial, lingual, and laryngeal musculature were utilized in all but 1 patient. Direct methods including compensatory strategies such as head and neck positioning, and techniques such as supraglottic swallowing and the Mendelsohn maneuver were additionally employed in nearly one-half of patients. Swallowing therapy is associated with successful outcome, as defined by exclusively oral feeding, among patients with neurogenic dysphagia, regardless of pretreatment variables including time since disease onset. Indirect treatment methods appear to be effective when used either alone or in combination with direct methods. Achievement of oral feeding is not associated with undue risk of pneumonia. Further rigorous scientific studies are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261272
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders ; Iatrogenic disorders ; Neurogenic dysphagia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction may relate to either medication side effects or surgical complications. There are several general mechanisms by which neurological side effects of medications can cause or aggravate oropharyngeal dysphagia. These include decreased level of arousal, direct suppression of brainstem swallowing regulation, movement disorders (dyskinesias, dystonias, and parkinsonism), neuromuscular junction blockade, myopathy, oropharyngeal sensory impairment, and disturbance of salivation. Postsurgical oropharyngeal dysphagia due to neurological dysfunction has been described in association with carotid endarterectomy, esophageal cancer surgery, anterior cervical fusion, and ventral rhizotomy for spasmodic torticollis. A potential explanation for oropharyngeal dysphagia following these surgical procedures is intraoperative mechanical disruption of the innervation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles by the pharyngeal plexus. Posterior fossa and skull base surgery can lead to dysphagia as a result of intraoperative damage to brainstem centers and/or cranial nerves involved in swallowing. Perioperative stroke is the most likely explanation for oropharyngeal dysphagia appearing acutely following surgery, especially if the type of surgery predisposes to embolism or hypoperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431417
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurogenic dysphagia: What is the cause when the cause is not obvious? (1994)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 9 (1994), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Neurogenic dysphagia ; Oropharyngeal dysfunction ; Videofluoroscopy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The potential causes of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia in cases in which the underlying neurologic disorder is not readily apparent are discussed. The most common basis for unexplained neurogenic dysphagia may be cerebrovascular disease in the form of either confluent periventricular infacts or small, discrete brainstem stroke, which may be invisible by magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis of occult stroke causing pharyngeal dysphagia should not be overlooked, because this diagnosis carries important treatment implications. Motor neuron disease producing bulbar palsy, pseudobulbar palsy, or a combination of the two can present as gradually progressive dysphagia and dysarthria with little if any limb involvement. Myopathies, especially polymyositis, and myasthenia gravis are potentially treatable disorders that must be considered. A variety of medications may cause or exacerbate neurogenic dysphagia. Psychiatric disorders can masquerade as swallowing apraxia. The basis for unexplained neurogenic dysphagia can best be elucidated by methodical evaluation including careful history, neurologic examination, videofluoroscopy of swallowing, blood studies (CBC, chemistry panel, creatine kinase, B12, thyroid screening, and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies), electromyography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, plus additional procedures such as lumbar puncture and muscle biopsy as indicated. Little is known about aging and neurogenic dysphagia, specifically the relative contributions of natural age-related changes in the oropharynx and of diseases of the elderly, including periventricular MRI abnormalities, in producing dysphagia symptoms and videofluoroscopic abnormalities in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cricopharyngeal myotomy may be effective treatment for selected patients with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (1995)
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Cricopharyngeal myotomy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders ; Neurogenic dysphagia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of cricopharyngeal (CP) myotomy in the management of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia remains controversial. A review of the literature regarding outcomes of CP myotomy for dysphagia in the setting of a variety of neurological disorders indicates a preponderance of favorable results. There are several potential explanations for reported improvement after CP myotomy for neurogenic dysphagia, including the possibility that it is an effective treatment, at least for selected patients. If this is true, appropriate selection criteria for this treatment of neurogenic dysphagia may include (1) intact voluntary initiation of swallowing, (2) adequate propulsive force generated by the tongue and pharyngeal constrictors, (3) videofluorographic demonstration of obstruction to bolus flow at the CP segment (rather than merely retention in the pharyngeal recesses), (4) manometric evidence of relatively elevated CP pressure in relation to the pharynx, and (5) relatively favorable neurological prognosis. The effectiveness and safety of CP myotomy for patients with neurogenic dysphagia are unlikely to be resolved without a prospective, controlled multicenter study enrolling patients who meet such criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431418
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aeration status of nutrient solution on microorganisms, mucilage and ultrastructure of wheat roots (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration status ; Microorganisms ; Mucilage ; Rhizosphere ; Ultrastructure ; Wheat root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Outer layers of wheat roots grown in aerated and unaerated nutrient solutions were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Root growth was considerably impaired in unaerated nutrient solution. In contrast to aerated roots, no mucilaginous layer but dense bacterial colonization were observed on the root caps of unaerated roots. The root cap mucilage had apparently been decomposed by the microorganisms. The peripheral root cap cells of the unaerated roots appeared to contain less cell organelles than those of the aerated roots, while the central cap cells and the meristematic cells of the root tip seemed not to be affected by lack of aeration. The bacterial population in the elongation, root hair, and lateral root zones, was also remarkably higher on roots grown in unaerated nutrient solution. In the lateral root zone of unaerated roots, even the cortical cells were invaded by bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140045
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization of the lamina ganglionaris of the hemipteran insects, Notonecta glauca, Corixa punctata and Gerris lacustris (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 197 (1979), S. 39-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lamina ganglionaris ; First, second order neurons ; Neuroanatomy ; Ultrastructure ; Hemipterans (Notonecta glauca, Corixa punctata, Gerris lacustris)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal elements, i.e. first and second order neurons, of the first optic ganglion of three waterbugs, N. glauca, C. punctata and G. lacustris, are analyzed on the basis of light and electron microscopy. Eight retinula cell axons, leaving each ommatidium, disperse to different cartridges as they enter the laminar outer plexiform layer. Such a pattern of divergence is one of the conditions for neuronal superposition; it is observed for all three species of waterbugs. The manner in which the receptors of a single bundle of ommatidia split of within the lamina, whereby information from receptors up to three or five horizontal rows away can converge upon the same cartridge, differs among the species. Six of the eight axons of retinula cells R1-6, the short visual fibers end at different levels within the bilayered lamina, whereas the central pair of retinula cells R7/8, the long visual fibers, run directly through the lamina to a corresponding unit of the medulla. Four types of monopolar cells L1–L4 are classified; their branching patterns seem to be correlated to the splitting and termination of retinula cell axons. The topographical relationship and synaptic organization between retinula cell terminals and monopolar cells in the two laminar layers are identified by examination of serial ultrathin sections of single Golgi-stained neurons. An attempt is made to correlate some anatomical findings, especially the neuronal superposition, to results from physiological investigations on the hemipteran retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233552
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synaptic organization of visual interneurons in the lobula complex of flies (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 371-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lobula complex ; Visual interneurons ; Ultrastructure ; Cobalt-impregnations ; Electron microscopy ; Diptera (Calliphora erythrocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic organization of three classes of cobalt-filled and silver-intensified visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the blowfly Calliphora (Col A cells, horizontal cells and vertical cells) was studied electron microscopically. The Col A cells are regularly spaced, columnar, small field neurons of the lobula, which constitute a plexus of arborizations at the posterior surface of the neuropil and the axons of which terminate in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. They show postsynaptic specializations in the distal layer of their lobula-arborizations and additional presynaptic sites in a more proximal layer; their axon terminals are presynaptic to large descending neurons projecting into the thoracic ganglion. The horizontal and vertical cells are giant tangential neurons, the arborizations of which cover the anterior and posterior surface of the lobula plate, respectively, and which terminate in the perioesophageal region of the protocerebrum. Both classes of these giant neurons were found to be postsynaptic in the lobula plate and pre- and postsynaptic at their axon terminals and axon collaterals. The significance of these findings with respect to the functional properties of the neurons investigated is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233871
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