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  • Diptera  (6)
  • Onion fly  (4)
  • Vigna radiata  (3)
  • intracranial pressure  (3)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192777
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative analysis of ovipositional behavior: Effects of a host-plant chemical on the onion fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 773-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; herbivore ; egg-laying ; host-finding ; sensory systems ; chemoreception ; n-dipropyl disulfide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Behavioral responses of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), to hostplant cues were quantified during encounters of individual flies with onion plants and onion foliar surrogates. The behavioral repertoire of such females included sitting, grooming, running up and down foliar surfaces, extension of the proboscis such that the labellum contacted foliar and soil surfaces, movements of the tip of the abdomen over surfaces (surface probing), subsurface probing of soil crevices with the ovipositor, and oviposition. Sequences of behaviors preceding oviposition were probabilistic rather than highly stereotyped but generally followed the order given above. Foliar surrogates were used to determine the effects of n-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) on the sequence of behaviors leading up to oviposition. The addition of a Pr2S2-treated surrogate to a cage increased the frequency of alighting on that surrogate but also increased alighting on a nearby foliar surrogate without Pr2S2. After alighting, females encountering surrogates treated with Pr2S2 had shorter latencies to proboscis extension and surface probing, spent less time sitting and grooming, and had runs of shorter duration. These females were also more likely to make the transition from probing of surfaces of foliage and soil to subsurface probing of soil crevices and oviposition. Thus, rather than mediating a particular step in the behavioral sequence, Pr2S2 played a role throughout the sequence leading up to oviposition. Collectively, these data and past studies on the onion fly support the hypothesis that egglaying is triggered by a temporal summation of inputs to the central nervous system from various sensory modalities rather than strict behavioral chaining, with each transition effected by some unique cue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052231
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The contribution of arachidonic acid to the aetiology and pathophysiology of focal brain oedema; studies using an infusion oedema model (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 113 (1991), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Blood brain barrier ; cerebral blood flow ; intracranial pressure ; arachidonic acid ; brain oedema ; evoked potential
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Arachidonic acid solution (2 to 15 mg/ml) was infused into the right forebrain white matter of anaesthetised cats over three hours to evaluate its contribution to the genesis and pathophysiology of vasogenic brain oedema. The 0.6 ml infusion increased local white matter water content by a mean of 11.3 ml/100 g tissue but did not increase cortical water content. Histological studies revealed local expansion and trabeculation of the white matter with aggregations of granulocytic neutrophils in the venules and perivenular brain. The adjacent cortical cytoarchitecture was normal. The white matter around the infusion site was stained lightly and over a variable area (15–20 mm2) by intravenously administered Evans Blue dye 2%. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) adjacent to the frontal infusion did not change significantly during the period of infusion and remained similar to rCBF in the contralateral hemisphere. Following the arachidonic acid infusion regional CBF CO2 reactivity was normal and three was no asymmetry of either cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) or motor evoked potential (MEP) waveforms. The increase in brain water content and changes in the ICP and ICP related biodynamics (pressure-volume index, lumped craniospinal compliance and CSF outflow resistance) were similar to those seen following infusion of 0.6 ml saline. These studies suggest that free intraparenchymal arachidonic acid, at concentrations exceeding those occurring in most neuropathological conditions, can increase the normal brain parenchymal capillary permeability but does not disrupt focal cerebrovascular and electrophysiological function. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402116
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A rodent model of infusion brain edema: Methodology and pathophysiological effects of saline and protein infusions (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 105 (1990), S. 158-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Brain edema ; cerebral blood flow ; brain tissue hydraulic resistance ; somatosensory evoked potential ; intracranial pressure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To evaluate the potency of putative secondary mediators of brain edema and their possible contribution to edema related brain dysfunction an infusion model of brain edema was developed in rats. 100 ul of fluid (saline, 20% nonautologous protein) was infused over one hour into the left forebrain white matter through a stereotaxically placed (+ 1.2 mm ant to bregma, 3 mm lateral and 2.9 mm depth) 25 G needle. Brain tissue hydraulic resistance (Rt), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and intracranial pressure (ICP) (intraventricular needle) were monitored during the infusion and rCBF CO2 reactivity (hydrogen clearance), local brain water content (microgravimetry), BBB integrity (Evans Blue 2%) and brain histology (H & E, Solochrome-cyanin) were evaluated after the infusion. Saline infusates caused no physiological dysfunction despite ipsilateral expansion and vacuolation of the subcortical white matter, separation of axonal bundles and a significant decrease (p=3.8×10−5)in local subcortical tissue specific gravity. Cortical histology and specific gravity adjacent to the infusion locus were normal. Rt significantly decreased (p=6.5×10−4) during the infusion but there were only minor increases in ICP. Findings with 20% protein infusates were similar despite a focal 65% decrement in the rCBF CO2 reactivity adjacent to the infusion site. This study has shown that a simple and inexpensive model of infusion brain edema can be created in the rat and that it provides a useful model for assessing the physiological effects of mediator compounds in the infusate. Potential applications and methodological improvements for this model are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670001
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of bradykinin in the etiology of vasogenic brain edema and perilesional brain dysfunction (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 115 (1992), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Bradykinin ; intracranial pressure ; evoked potentials ; cerebral blood flow ; brain edema ; blood brain barrier
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The feline infusion model of brain edema was used to evaluate the role of bradykinin in the etiology and pathophysiology of vasogenic brain edema. Bradykinin (3 or 90 ug in 600 μL saline) did not alter normocapnic regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) nor induce specific changes in either the somatosensory (SEP) or motor (MEP) evoked potentials. The mean increases in ICP (from 4.5 to 16.1 mmHg) and peri-infusion white matter water content (from 69.4 to 79.8 ml/100 g tissue), mean decrease in lumped craniospinal compliance (from 0.040 to 0.014 ml/mmHg) and local histological changes were all similar to those after 600 μL saline infusion. The interstitial bradykinin infusion caused focal blood-brain-barrier (BBB) opening to Evans Blue dye and was chemotaxic for granulocytes. After the infusion there was a global loss of rCBF CO2 reactivity but there was no ischemia at normocapnia. These results show that bradykinin in brain edema fluid, at concentrations greater than those found in neuropathological conditions, can open the BBB of normal cerebral parenchymal capillaries and cause vascular dysregulation. In neuropathological conditions bradykinin may therefore potentiate formation of vasogenic brain edema but does not contribute to perilesional brain dysfunction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400591
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pungent spices, ground red pepper, and synthetic capsaicin as onion fly ovipositional deterrents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014714
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of host genotype x rhizobial strain interaction in N2 fixation (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 903-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Vigna radiata ; mungbean ; Rhizobium ; average fixing ability ; specific fixing ability ; breeding for N2 fixation ; disease resistance ; N2 fixation index
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A method of analyzing host genotype x rhizobial strain interaction for N2 fixation potential, based on the principle of structural relationship analysis, is proposed. When this interaction is significant, selecting genotypes for high N2 fixation potential is incorrect, because the N2 fixation efficiency is dependent on the rhizobial strain used. Under such circumstances, grouping genotypes based on average fixing ability (AFA), a linear response to the effectiveness of rhizobial strain, and specific fixing ability (SFA), deviation from the linear response in terms of the magnitude of the error variance, is useful before initiating a breeding program for enhanced N2 fixation. Host genotype x strain interaction effect is partitioned into two components, and two parameters are derived which estimate AFA and SFA. N2 fixation data from 3 mungbean genotypes and 6 rhizobial strains are used to illustrate this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051875
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adaptation and environmental sensitivity of mungbean genotypes evaluated in the international mungbean nursery (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 41 (1989), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Vigna radiata ; mungbean ; stability ; genotype-environment interaction ; wide adaptability ; AVRDC ; segmented regression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Yield data from the 5th–12th international mungbean nursery (IMN) trials conducted at 23 sites in 15 countries were analyzed by conventional stability analysis—regression of genotype mean on the environmental index, and by segmented regression analysis—fitting separate linear regressions in low yielding and high yielding environments. The gene pool base concept allows comparison of genotypes from different IMN trials grown in different years and sites. A very high positive linear relationship was observed between the regression coefficient and the average yield of cultivars, indicating that high yielding cultivars were less stable across environments. When data points of the regression of genotype mean and site mean for VC 1973A, a high yielding and widely adapted cultivar, were examined, the relationship appeared not to be linear. The segmented regression analysis improved the coefficient of determination (r2) and the genotypes were grouped based on regression coefficients in high yielding and low yielding environments. Different categories of genotypes suitable for high input environments, widely adaptable genotypes, and highly stable genotypes were identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021592
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Remobilization of labelled nitrogen from vegetative tissues to pods of mungbean (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; 15N Rhizobia ; Vigna radiata ; Nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Remobilization of15N from vegetative tissue of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) into pods was measured during the reproductive phase of growth. Plant tissue was labelled with15N during vegetative development. Experiments were conducted in the field at two sites. At one site the soil provided cowpeas with most of their N but at the other site N fixation provided most of the N. Remobilized N from vegetative tissue to pods occurred soon after they began to develop. The quantity of the labelled N ultimately remobilized to the pods amounted to 50% for one cultivar (Tx33) at the high soil N site and 70% at the low N site. For the other cultivar (Tx13) the values were 25% and 30%, respectively. The two cultivars performed very differently with respect to partitioning of N into pods and the rate of N fixation. Even though more N was accumulated in the shoots of the high N fixing cultivar (Tx13) less total N was contained in the pods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380597
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Search for potent attractants of onion flies (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1477-1488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; onion fly ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; food attractants ; host attractants ; microbial attractants ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; bacteria ; Allium ; onion ; garlic ; chive
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Of various chopped vegetables tested,Allium spp. high in propyl-containing alkyl sulfides (e.g.,cepa group) caught the most onion flies in trapping tests in the field. Fly catches to chopped onion increased with bait quantity. Attractancy of chopped onion changed dramatically during aging in the field; catch increased over the first few days, peaked at ca. fivefold over fresh material by 3–5 days, and then declined sharply. This age-dependent increase in attraction was not seen for garlic (known to have antimicrobial properties) nor with chopped onion mixed with chopped garlic. These data suggested that attraction of onion flies to onions was strongly influenced by microbial activity associated with decomposing onions. The bacteriumKlebsiella pneumoniae was identified as a major colonizer of onions maximally attractive to onion flies. This increased attraction is not due to the previously reported microbially produced volatiles ethyl acetate and tetramethyl pyrazine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990317
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