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  • Drosophila ananassae  (4)
  • Physics  (4)
  • Vigna unguiculata  (3)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection for high and low mating propensity inDrosophila ananassae (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 357-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ananassae ; selection ; high and low mating propensity ; polygenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract InDrosophila ananassae, artificial selection was carried out for high and low mating propensity for 15 generations. Response to selection was from about F5, with rapid divergence in mating frequencies in replicates of both fast and slow lines. To assess the effect of selection on the two sexes, females and males of the selected lines were tested against their respective counterparts of the control line after 15 generations. Significant differences in mating propensity were observed when selected males were tested against the control females, which suggests that males were much more affected by selection than females. After 15 generations the fast and slow lines (both replicates) were crossedinter se and mating frequencies of F1 hybrids were studied in the same way as during the selection experiment. F1 flies had a higher mating activity compared to their parental lines when males were derived from fast lines to produce hybrids. On the other hand, F1 hybrids produced by crossing slow-line males with fast-line females showed mating frequencies similar to those of the slow parental lines. These findings suggest that mating propensity inD. ananassae is under the control of polygenes. Furthermore, the significant differences in mating propensity of hybrids produced by the fast and slow males indicate the possibility of a Y-linked influence on mating propensity inD. ananassae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01260936
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection for high and low pupation height inDrosophila ananassae (1993)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 23 (1993), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ananassae ; selection ; high and low pupation height ; polygenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Selection for high and low pupation height inDrosophila ananassae was carried out for 10 generations. Response to selection resulted in rapid divergence in pupation height in replicates of both high and low lines. There was a significant difference in mean pupation height among high, low, and control lines. Regression coefficients for both high and low lines were significantly different from zero. The realized heritability over 10 generations was 45–49 for the high lines and 26–29 for the low lines. The F1 hybrids produced by making reciprocal crosses between high and low lines showed intermediate pupation height. These findings suggest that pupation height inD. ananassae is under polygenic control, with a substantial amount of additive genetic variation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082461
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heterosis without selectional coadaptation inDrosophila ananassae (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Inversion karyotypes ; Relative fitness ; Heterosis in interpopulation crosses ; Coadaptation ; Drosophila ananassae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The relative viabilities of homozygous and heterozygous karyotypes were measured by making crosses between strains ofD. ananassae homozygous for ST or inverted gene orders in the second and third chromosomes. The strains utilized during the present study originated from widely separated localities in India, Kuala Lumpur and Kota Kinabaru, Malaysia and Chian Mai, Thailand. The presence of heterosis in many interpopulation crosses is evident from the results which show that the inversion heterozygotes formed by chromosomes coming from distant populations exhibit heterosis. On the other hand, heterosis is absent in two intrapopulation crosses. Thus the present results provide evidence that heterozygosis for many genes and gene complexes does produce high fitness without previous selectional coadaptation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570914
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virulence characteristics of a new race of the parasitic angiosperm, Striga gesnerioides, from southern Benin on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 72 (1993), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Striga gesnerioides ; Vigna unguiculata ; cowpea ; parasitic angiosperm ; breeding for resistance ; parasite variation ; races
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract An in vitro growth system was used to determine the virulence of two samples of Striga gesnerioides from Zakpota in southern Benin. Cowpea variety B301, previously considered resistant to all races of S. gesnerioides, was susceptible to both samples of the parasite. Two other cowpea varieties, 58–57 and IT81D-994, were totally resistant. Resistance in 58–57 was associated with a hypersensitive necrosis of infected roots, whilst IT81D-994 supported production of small S. gesnerioides tubercles with stems which failed to develop. Striga gesnerioides from southern Benin is the fourth race of the parasite to be identified, and the first with virulence on variety B301. The implications for breeding cowpeas with resistance to S. gesnerioides are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034156
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effectiveness of early generation (F3) yield testing and the single seed descent procedures in two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) crosses (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 539-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Vigna unguiculata ; cowpea ; early generation selection ; single seed descent selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Two breeding procedures were compared in two cowpea crosses. Both procedures were started from the same selected F2 plants in each cross. For the early generation yield testing, the F3 lines were yield tested and a pedigree and bulk methods followed in F4 and F5. Each F5 line was bulked to provide seed for a yield test in F6. In the Single Seed Descent (SSD) procedure, a single seed was taken from each F2 plant to produce the F3 generation. The procedure was repeated for the F4 and F5. The F6 SSD lines and the F6 yield testing lines were compared in yield tests. The results showed that differences in yielding ability of F3 lines persisted over generations indicating that selection was effective. This was confirmed by the high significant correlations between F3 yields and those of later generations which ranged from r=0.51* to 0.85**. The grain yields of lines derived by the single seed descent procedure were as good as those derived from early generation yield testing. Significant linear correlation between visual rating of F3 and F6 yields with actual yields revealed that it is possible to identify promising lines of cowpea visually.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021155
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Population and behaviour genetics of Drosophila ananassae (1996)
    Springer
    Genetica 97 (1996), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ananassae ; population and behaviour genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Drosophila ananassae is a cosmopolitan and domestic species. It occupies a nuique status among the Drosophila species due to certain peculiarities in its genetic behaviour. The most unusual feature of this species is spontaneous male recombination in appreciable frequency. The present review summarises the work done on population and behaviour genetics of D. ananassae from India. Population dynamics of three cosmopolitan inversions has been studied in Indian population of D. ananassae and it is evident from the results that there is a considerable degree of genetic divergence at the level of inversion polymorphism. In general, the populations from south India show more differentiation than those from the north. These three cosmopolitan inversions, which are coextensive with the species, exhibit heterosis. Interracial hybridization does not lead to beaakdown of heterosis, which suggests that evidence for coadaptation is lacking in geographic populations of D. ananassae. Heterosis appears to be simple luxuriance rather than populational heterosis (coadaptation). Unlinked inversions occur in random associations, indicating no interchromosomal interactions. However, two inversions of the third chromosome often show strong linkage disequilibrium in laboratory populations, which is due to epistatic gene interaction and suppression of crossing-over. Genetic variations for certain allozyme polymorphism and sternoleural bristle phenotypes in Indian populations of D. ananassae have also been observed. A number of investigations have also been carried out on certain aspects of behaviour genetics of Indian D. ananassae. There is evidence for sexual isolation within D. ananassae. Significant variations in mating propensity of several isofemale strains, inversion karyotypes, the diminishing effects of certain mutations on sexual activity of males and positive response to selection for high and low mating propensity provide evidence for genetic control of sexual behaviour in D. ananassae. Males contribute more to variation and thus are more subject to intra-sexual selection than females. Evidence for rare male mating advantage has also been presented. Geographic strains of D. ananassae show variation with respect to oviposition site preference. The results of studies on pupation site preference, which is an important component of larval behaviour, suggest that larval pupation behaviour in D. ananassae is under polygenic control with a substantial amount of additive genetic variation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055318
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of yield stability of cowpea under sole and intercrop management in Nigeria (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 61 (1991), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): cowpea ; intercropping ; Nigeria ; yield stability ; Vigna unguiculata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nine cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) breeding lines were grown in 13 experiments under sole crop and intercrop management, with and without insecticide application, in Nigeria. Cowpea was intercropped with cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz), maize (Zea mays L.) and maize-cassava in the forest zone and with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench.) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) in the savanna zone. Line by cropping system interactions were significant in 5 of 13 experiments and line by insecticide treatment interactions were significant in 2 of 13 experiments. Cowpea yield was severely depressed in intercropped plots and in plots to which no insecticide was applied. Among-environment variation in cowpea yield was greater when no insecticide was applied. Within each management treatment, the yield performance and stability of the cowpea lines was examined. Stability was assessed both by examining among-environment coefficients of variation and by regression analysis. Several of the breeding lines evaluated appeared promising under different levels of management and in a diversity of environments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039658
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redox polymerization of acrylonitrile. Kinetics of the reaction initiated by the redox system tartaric acid-V5+ (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 2075-2086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Kinetics of vinyl polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the redox system tartaric acid-V5+ have been investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid in the temperature range 30-40°C. The rates of polymerization and V5+ disappearance and the chain lengths of polyacrylonitrile were measured. From the results it is concluded that the polymerization reaction is initiated by an organic free radical arising from the V5+-tartaric acid reaction with termination by V5+ ions. A suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed, and the various rate and energy parameters were evaluated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130912
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Copolymerization parameters of substituted aniline monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1165-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Kelen-Tüdös linear graphical method was used to determine the copolymerization parameters of some halogen-substituted (e.g., Cl, Br, I) aniline monomers. It was found during copolymerization with p-aminobenzoic acid or p-aminophenol that the reactivity of these monomers followed the order of their basic strength. The order of their basic strength. The order of their reactivity, however, was reversed if they copolymerized with sulfanilic acid (SA). This reversal has been interpreted in terms of the resonance stabilization of monomers, the nature of the acidic functional groups present in the comonomer, and the influence of electron-accepting or electron-donating groups present in the comonomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210423
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    γ-radiolysis of acetylated cotton cellulose: An ESR study (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 2655-2660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The nature and behavior of free radicals induced in acetylated cotton celluloses irradiated with γ-rays have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Dehydrogenation and deacetylation appear to be responsible for the free radicals observed from samples irradiated at 77°K. The degree of substitution enhanced the yield of acetyl radicals when the samples were irradiated at 77°K and adversely affected the overall radical concentration when irradiation was done at 300°K. In addition, the ESR spectra of samples irradiated under vacuum at 300°K were more intense than those obtained from samples irradiated in air. The nature, yield, and post-irradiation behavior of the primary radicals are discussed in the light of the ultimate chemical effects observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.150100912
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