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  • anionic surfactant  (1)
  • relaxation labeling  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the interactions between anionic surfactants and polyvinylpyrrolidone: Surface tension measurement, 13C NMR and ESR (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Interaction ; anionic surfactant ; polyvinylpyrrolidone ; ESR ; NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The interaction between anionic surfactants and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are investigated using 13C NMR, ESR spectroscopy and surface tension measurements at the air/water interface. The behavior of single-chained surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphonate (AS), is compared with that of the double-chained surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (NaDEHP). The results showed that a surfactant–polymer complex of “necklace and head structure” is formed in AS aqueous solutions in the presence of PVP due to the hydrophobic interaction between PVP and AS. The AS micelles nucleate on the polymer hydrophobic sites, and the mobility of the AS head groups is not affected. But, for NaDEHP surfactant, it was found that PVP is little effective in influencing the monomer–micelle equilibrium and no surfactant– polymer complex formed in the NaDEHP aqueous solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050201
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimization of MRF Energy with Relaxation Labeling (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 7 (1997), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: contextual constraints ; constrained optimization ; Markov random field (MRF) ; maximum a posteriori (MAP) ; relaxation labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, there has been increasing interest in Markovrandom field (MRF) modeling for solving a variety of computer visionproblems formulated in terms of the maximum a posteriori(MAP) probability. When the label set is discrete, such as in imagesegmentation and matching, the minimization is combinatorial. Theobjective of this paper is twofold: Firstly, we propose to use thecontinuous relaxation labeling (RL) as an alternative approach forthe minimization. The motivation is that it provides a goodcompromise between the solution quality and the computational cost.We show how the original combinatorial optimization can be convertedinto a form suitable for continuous RL. Secondly, we compare variousminimization algorithms, namely, the RL algorithms proposed byRosenfeld et al., and by Hummel and Zucker, the mean field annealing ofPeterson and Soderberg, simulated annealing of Kirkpatrick, theiterative conditional modes (ICM) of Besag and an annealing versionof ICM proposed in this paper. The comparisons are in terms of theminimized energy value (i.e., the solution quality), the requirednumber of iterations (i.e., the computational cost), and also thedependence of each algorithm on heuristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008253505953
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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