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  • benzodiazepine  (5)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2)
  • gene localization and isolation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of nitrogenase and carboxylase genes in the photosynthetic bacteria and cloning of a carboxylase gene from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 25 (1983), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; gene localization and isolation ; heterologous DNA probes ; hybridization ; phototrophs ; restriction enzymes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(83)90233-0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of nitrogenase and carboxylase genes in the photosynthetic bacteria and cloning of a carboxylase gene from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 25 (1983), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; [abr] Ap^r; ampicillin resistance ; [abr] BSA; bovine serum albumin ; [abr] EtBr; ethidium bromide ; [abr] KU; Klett unit ; [abr] LB; Luria broth ; [abr] LMPA; low-melting-point agarose ; [abr] SSPE buffer; see MATERIALS AND METHODS, section c ; [abr] Sm^r; streptomycin resistance ; [abr] T"m; melting temperature of nucleic acids ; [abr] THE buffer; see MATERIALS AND METHODS, section e ; [abr] Tc^r; tetracycline resistance ; [abr] kb; kilobases, or kilobase pairs ; gene localization and isolation ; heterologous DNA probes ; hybridization ; phototrophs ; restriction enzymes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(83)90233-0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of flunitrazepam following single- and multiple-dose oral administration to healthy human subjects (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: flunitrazepam ; single dose ; multiple dose ; hypnotic ; two-compartment model ; benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Healthy human subjects received single and multiple oral doses of flunitrazepam. Absorption and disposition were first order and reproducible from administration to administration. The oral doses were virtually completely available to the liver, and elimination from the body occurred entirely via metabolism. Assuming the liver to be the sole eliminating organ, hepatic blood clearance and extraction ratio were approximately 0.235 liter/hr/kg and 0.154, respectively. Steady-state blood volume of distribution averaged 3.76 liters/kg in the single-dose studies. Terminal exponential half-lives from the single- and multiple-dose studies (different subjects) averaged 13.5 and 19.2 hr, respectively, these differences were not due to clearance changes but were entirely attributable to variations in volumes of distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060092
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic profile of chlordiazepoxide HCl in healthy subjects: Single-dose studies by the intravenous, intramuscular, and oral routes (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 3-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; benzodiazepine ; two-compartment model, biopharmaceutics ; pharmacokinetics ; single dose ; routes of administration ; intravenous ; intramuscular ; oral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Single 30- mg doses of chlordiazepoxide HCl were administered to six healthy human subjects by the intravenous, oral, and intramuscular routes. Plasma concentration- time curves following intravenous administration were satisfactorily described by a biexponential equation consistent with a two-compartment open model system. Mean values of half-lives for the so-called distribution and elimination phases were 0.252 and 9.39 hr, respectively. The mean values for the volume of the central compartment (V 1) and volume of distribution $$(V_{d_\beta } )$$ were 18.0 and 30.9% of body weight, respectively. Following oral administration, the drug was rapidly and completely absorbed. Absorption was first order (t1/2≈27 min), and three of the six subjects showed a discernible lag time of approximately 20 min. Drug absorption following intramuscular administration was comparatively slow. A two- compartment “muscle model” comprised of precipitated and solubilized drug in the muscle was found to satisfactorily characterize the absorption process following administration by this route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the oral absorption characteristics in man of dipotassium clorazepate at normal and elevated gastricpH (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: clorazepate ; gastricpH ; desmethyldiazepam ; diazepam ; benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The in vivorate of biodegradation of dipotassium clorazepate to N-desmethyldiazepam in humans was shown to decrease with an increase in gastric pH. When gastric pH was maintained above 6 for 2 hr with sodium bicarbonate, the bioavailability of intact clorazepate, as determined by evaluating its conversion and absorption as N-desmethyldiazepam, was reduced from 5% to 75% when compared in the same subject with gastric pH less than 3. The corresponding N-desmethyldiazepam blood level maxima occurred later in time and were only 14–46% of the levels achieved from an acidic stomach. These findings indicate that the pH of the stomach can influence the absorption of dipotassium clorazepate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061697
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of diazepam following multiple-dose oral administration to healthy human subjects (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 481-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: diazepam ; multiple-dose pharmacokinetics ; two-compartment model ; benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six healthy subjects between the ages of 21 and 31 years received diazepam tablets orally at a dose of 5 mg t.i.d. atO, 5, and 10hr on days 1–13. On day 14, the dose was 5 mg at 0 and 5 hr and 15 mg at 10 hr. Subsequently, the dose was 15 mg once daily on days 15–24. Numerous plasma samples were obtained during the multiple-dose regimen, and appropriate equations were fitted to all the multiple-dose data. Diazepam absorption was satisfactorily described by a first-order process, with disposition characterized by a linear two-compartment open model. The harmonic mean absorption half-life was 32 min, and the harmonic mean terminal exponential half-life was 57hr. The mean apparent oral total drug plasma clearance was 22.7ml/hr/kg. Steady-state plasma levels of the primary metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, were reached after 5–8 days of dosing. Steady-state diazepam plasma concentration-time profiles suggested that once daily administration of the total daily dose at bedtime might be a satisfactory dosing regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061729
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic profile of chlordiazepoxide HCl in healthy subjects: Multiple-dose oral administration (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 5 (1977), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; benzodiazepine ; two-compartment model ; multiple dosing ; pharmacokinetics ; biopharmaceutics ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eight healthy male volunteers received chlordiazepoxide HCl orally at a dosage of 10 mg every 8 hr over a period of 21 days. On day 22, the regimen was changed to 30 mg every 24 hr for an additional 15 days. Plasma concentrations of chlordiazepoxide and its metabolites desmethyl-chlordiazepoxide, demoxepam, and desoxydemoxepam were measured during 14 of the 36 treatment days. Chlordiazepoxide plasma concentration- time data were consistent with first-order absorption and complete bioavailability. The harmonic mean absorption half-life was 12.3 min. Disposition of chlordiazepoxide was described by a two-compartment open model with a harmonic mean terminal exponential half-life of 10.1 hr. Average steady — state plasma levels of chlordiazepoxide, desmethylchlordiazepoxide, and demoxepam were approximately 0.75, 0.54, and 0.36 μg/ml, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuromuscular organization of the pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of the pigeon (Columba livia): Implications for motor control (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 224 (1989), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) is divisible into two anatomical parts, the pars sternobrachialis (SB) and the pars thoracobrachialis (TB). Innervation to this complex is from rostral and caudal branches of the brachial ventral cord. In four anesthetized pigeons, the distribution of muscle units associated with each nerve branch was mapped after prolonged stimulation of each nerve and subsequent analysis for muscle fiber glycogen. An additional three animals were used to analyze the morphology, distribution, and histochemical profiles of the muscle fibers in the SB and TB subregions. Fibers were characterized on the basis of their reactions for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphates (alkaline and acid preincubation) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH-D). The SB is primarily innervated by the rostral nerve branch and the TB by the caudal nerve branch. For two-thirds of the muscle's length, the SB is separated from the TB by an aponeurosis, the membrana intermuscularis (MI). SB and TB fibers located posteroventral to the caudal margin of the MI are innervated variously by both nerves. Two populations of fibers were recognized, distinguishable primarily by (1) fiber diameter and (2) density of the NADH-D reaction product. Compared to the TB, the SB possesses a higher average percentage of large fibers. Within the SB but not the TB the percentage of large fibers increases from deep to superficial. These data support our previous findings that the pars thoracicus of the pigeon is partitioned into at least two functional subunits, each with a potential for independent action on the wing during flight.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092240311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the healing of a tibial osteotomy in the rabbit treated with external fixation (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 3 (1985), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Fracture healing ; Biomechanics ; External fixation ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fercture site axial rigidity was monitored nonestructively at weekly intervals during healing of tibial osteotomies in adult rabbits. Two groups of 20 rabbits each were treated with external fixators of two different rigidities. Four animals from each group were killed at 3,5,6,7, and 8 weeks to determine the bending moments at failure of the healing fractures. Normal fracture healing was accompanied by characteristic phases in the development of fracture site axial rigidity. From 0 to 3 weeks there was a period of low and approximately constant rigidity, followed by a linear increase during 3 to 5 weeks to an approximately three to four times greater rigidity. The maximum average normalized axial rigidities were reached at 6 weeks and were 57% (high rigidity group) and 77% (low rigidity group) of the untreated contralatreal controls. The Maximum average normalized failure moments occurred at 8 weeks and were 48% (high rigidity) and 44% (low rigidity) of controls. The differences due to fixator rigidity were not statistically significant except for a large increse in failure moments at 3 weeks for the low rigidity group. Axial rigidities were correlated (r2 = 0.74 and 0.53, respectively) with failure moments, but only during the first 6 weeks. The monitoring technique provides a nondestructive means for following the biomechanical progress of fracture healing in in an animal model. The occurrence of the characteristic increase in fracture site axial rigidity at 3 to 5 weeks can also be used to distinguish between normal and abnormal healing.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100030309
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