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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Amylin ; hypertension ; calcitonin ; ACE inhibition ; calcitonin gene related peptide.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amylin (or islet amyloid polypeptide) has been reported to have binding sites in the central nervous system and the kidney and has been shown to activate plasma renin. It has been postulated that this peptide may be an important mechanistic link between hypertension and diabetes in the insulin resistance syndrome. To explore this issue, the effects of rat amylin on mean arterial blood pressure were investigated in anaesthetised rats. Amylin elicited a pressor response of approximately 10 mmHg (maximal at 100 pmol · kg–1) which was apparent within 30–60 s and persisted over 15 min. At higher concentrations amylin elicited a hypotensive response (negative log IC50 8.52 mol · kg–1). The novel amylin receptor antagonist AC413 (12 nmol · kg–1· min–1) reduced the pressor response but not the hypotensive effects of amylin. The peptide antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)8–37 (12 nmol · kg–1· min–1) reduced the pressor response elicited by amylin and also antagonized the hypotensive effect of amylin. Pre-treatment of animals with the ganglion blocker mecamylamine (3 mg · kg–1 s. c.) reduced the pressor effect of amylin. Following the administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramiprilat (300 nmol · kg–1 i. v.) the pressor response to amylin was reduced. Salmon calcitonin also elevated blood pressure in the anaesthetised rat; doses of amylin and salmon calcitonin associated with a pressor effect were associated with increases in plasma renin activity. We conclude that amylin may act centrally to elevate blood pressure in the anaesthetised rat, possibly through activation of the renin angiotensin system. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 256–261]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 9 (1992), S. 241-260 
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Flow in porous media ; critical phenomena ; consolute temperature ; relative permeability ; capillary desaturation ; wetting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Relative permeabilities were measured at very low interfacial tensions (IFT) for two-phase mixtures of methanol and hexane flowing through Clashach sandstone. These two components pass from a two- to a single-phase system as the temperature is increased above the critical solution temperature (CST). The interfacial tension between the coexisting phases approaches zero as the solution reaches miscibility. The phase behaviour of methanol and hexane mixtures has been well characterised allowing the calculation of relative permeabilities, saturations and capillary numbers. Flow data are reported for four different temperatures in the two-phase region (i.e., four values of IFT and capillary number). The capillary desaturation curve (CDC) for the strongly wetting methanol rich phase is also presented. In addition to the novel technique presented for measurement of relative permeability, the results indicate that relative permeabilities approach straight line functions very near the critical point. Furthermore, desaturation of the wetting phase was found to be dependent on the capillary number which, in turn, depends on the location of the mixture on the fluid phase diagram and the proximity to the critical temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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