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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of ionic composition on acid-base regulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to environmental hypercapnia (1997)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 16 (1997), S. 157-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): acid-base regulation ; pH compensation ; hypercapnia ; calcium ; bicarbonate ; chloride ; ventilation ; bicarbonate accumulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of ambient calcium, bicarbonate and chloride levels on acid-base regulation was investigated in rainbow trout acclimated and exposed to hypercapnia in five different water types. In soft water (low [Ca++] and [HCO3 −]), compensation of the respiratory acidosis was slow and incomplete within 72h. High ambient [HCO3 −] clearly improved extracellular HCO3 − accumulation, and pH recovery was accomplished within 24h. This may result from stimulation of branchial HCO3 − (influx)/Cl− (outflux) exchange. Elevation of ambient [Cl−] had a small, positive effect on pH compensation. High ambient [Ca++] improved the degree of pH compensation. Plasma [HCO3 −] and [Cl−] showed an inverse 1:1 relationship in all acclimation groups, revealing an ubiquitous chloride-mediated acid-base regulation. Ventilation activity was increased by hypercapnia and only returned to control values in hard water (high [HCO3 −]and [Ca++]). During progressive hypercapnia (up to 3% CO2), hard water acclimated fish obtained significantly higher plasma [HC03 −] (51.2 mM) than fish acclimated to low [Ca++]/high [HCO3 −] (44.7 mM). This suggests an additive effect of ambient Ca++ on plasma HCO3 − accumulation. At levels of CO2 above 1%, some mortality was induced in low [Ca++]/high [HCO3 −] water. Dying fish could be distinguished from surviving fish by an excessive Cl−loss and increasing extracellular anion gap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004672
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Water Chemistry and Habitat on the Density of Young Brown Trout Salmo trutta in Acidic Streams (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 112 (1999), S. 85-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): acidification ; Brown trout ; calcium ; density ; juveniles ; streams
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the relationship between young brown trout ( Salmo trutta) density in lake tributaries, and water chemistry and habitat variables. The study was carried out during the autumn in three acidic, softwater river systems in western and southwestern Norway; Gaular and Vikedal (1987–1993) and Bjerkreim (1988–1993). The streams had mean calcium concentrations of 0.35 mg L-1 (Gaular), 0.52 mg L-1 (Vikedal) and 0.84 mg L-1 (Bjerkreim). The concentration of inorganic Al was generally low, with mean values of 8.40 (Gaular), 22.22 (Vikedal) and 43.36 μg L-1 (Bjerkreim). In multiple regressions that involved different water chemistry variables, brown trout density correlated best with calcium concentration and with a combination of calcium and pH; the Ca2+:H+ ratio. In Vikedal and Gaular, calcium explained 51 and 57%, respectively, of the variability in brown trout densities. Althoug alkalinity exhibited the best correlation with brown trout density in Bjerkreim ( r2=0.33), it was similar to that of the model that included all major ions plus pH. The Ca2+:H+ ratio had a larger effect for variability in brown trout density in Gaular (r2=0.66) than calcium alone. In Vikedal and Bjerkreim, the Ca2+:H+ ratio also correlated with brown trout density, but considerably less than in Gaular. The predictive power of habitat variables was much lower than that of water chemistry; the single most important factors were altitude in Gaular (r2=0.22), mean water temperature in Vikedal (r2=0.11) and depth SD (index of heterogeneity) in Bjerkreim (r2=0.07). Models that included both habitat and water chemistry variables showed that the density of young brown trout was predicted primarily by calcium concentrations in Gaular (r2=0.75) and Vikedal (r2=0.54), as opposed to pH in Bjerkreim (r2=0.25). Habitat had low effect in all three river systems (r2=0.01–0.04). The final model explained 86, 68 and 32%, respectively, of the variability in brown trout density in the three catchments. Thus, water chemistry variables seem to be factors that limit the density of young brown trout in acidic softwater streams.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005068404832
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dual-column GC analysis of mediterranean fish for ten organochlorine pesticides and sixty two chlorobiphenyls (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 731-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): GC-ECD ; Dual-column ; Organochlorine pesticides ; Chlorobiphenyl congeners ; Fish ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The simultaneous analysis of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, HCB, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDT, mirex, dieldrin and 62 chlorobiphenyl congeners on two parallel capillary GC columns of different polarity is described for nine Mediterranean fish species. Ten commercially available columns with stationary phases completely characterized in respect of their PCB elution patterns were considered for dual-column GC-ECD analysis. The combination of a 60 m × 0.25 mm i.d. column coated with a 0.25 μm film of 50% diphenyl dimethylsiloxane and a series combination of a 25 m × 0.25 mm i.d. column coated with a 0.25 μm film of 5% diphenyl dimethylsiloxane with a 25 m × 0.22 mm i.d. column coated with a 0.10 μm film of 1, 10-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane dimethylpolysiloxane furnished the highest number of separated chlorobiphenyl congeners (104). The dual-column GC system performed with high stability and reproducibility over a broad concentration range (1-3000 ng/g lipid) of the organochlorine compounds in the investigated fish.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240161212
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptide sequencing with electrospray ionization on a magnetic sector mass spectrometer (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Sequence information is obtained by in-source fragmentation of electrospray-generated peptide ions. The complete sequences of leucine enkephalin, angiotensin I, and renin substrate are determined from their fragment ions and consume only low picomole amounts of material. The method involves collision-induced fragmentation of singly and multiply charged molecular ions in the electrospray ion source and does not involve tandem mass spectrometric instrumentation. The charge on the fragment ions is determined by the spacing of the isotope peaks.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040505
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for assessing the oxidation states of disulfide-containing peptides (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1985), S. 586-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of the molecular ion region of calcitonin using several solution matrices produce an isotopic distribution which is indicative of a mixture of reduced and oxidized disulfide bonds. The insensitivity of the distribution to the choice of matrix and positive/negative ion mode suggest that the spectra reflect the natural abundance of reduced calcitonin in the sample, rather than an artifact of the fast atom bombardment technique.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200121003
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