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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (8)
  • Onion fly  (4)
  • cerebral blood flow  (4)
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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (8)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192777
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The contribution of arachidonic acid to the aetiology and pathophysiology of focal brain oedema; studies using an infusion oedema model (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 113 (1991), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Blood brain barrier ; cerebral blood flow ; intracranial pressure ; arachidonic acid ; brain oedema ; evoked potential
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Arachidonic acid solution (2 to 15 mg/ml) was infused into the right forebrain white matter of anaesthetised cats over three hours to evaluate its contribution to the genesis and pathophysiology of vasogenic brain oedema. The 0.6 ml infusion increased local white matter water content by a mean of 11.3 ml/100 g tissue but did not increase cortical water content. Histological studies revealed local expansion and trabeculation of the white matter with aggregations of granulocytic neutrophils in the venules and perivenular brain. The adjacent cortical cytoarchitecture was normal. The white matter around the infusion site was stained lightly and over a variable area (15–20 mm2) by intravenously administered Evans Blue dye 2%. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) adjacent to the frontal infusion did not change significantly during the period of infusion and remained similar to rCBF in the contralateral hemisphere. Following the arachidonic acid infusion regional CBF CO2 reactivity was normal and three was no asymmetry of either cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) or motor evoked potential (MEP) waveforms. The increase in brain water content and changes in the ICP and ICP related biodynamics (pressure-volume index, lumped craniospinal compliance and CSF outflow resistance) were similar to those seen following infusion of 0.6 ml saline. These studies suggest that free intraparenchymal arachidonic acid, at concentrations exceeding those occurring in most neuropathological conditions, can increase the normal brain parenchymal capillary permeability but does not disrupt focal cerebrovascular and electrophysiological function. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402116
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A rodent model of infusion brain edema: Methodology and pathophysiological effects of saline and protein infusions (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 105 (1990), S. 158-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Brain edema ; cerebral blood flow ; brain tissue hydraulic resistance ; somatosensory evoked potential ; intracranial pressure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To evaluate the potency of putative secondary mediators of brain edema and their possible contribution to edema related brain dysfunction an infusion model of brain edema was developed in rats. 100 ul of fluid (saline, 20% nonautologous protein) was infused over one hour into the left forebrain white matter through a stereotaxically placed (+ 1.2 mm ant to bregma, 3 mm lateral and 2.9 mm depth) 25 G needle. Brain tissue hydraulic resistance (Rt), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and intracranial pressure (ICP) (intraventricular needle) were monitored during the infusion and rCBF CO2 reactivity (hydrogen clearance), local brain water content (microgravimetry), BBB integrity (Evans Blue 2%) and brain histology (H & E, Solochrome-cyanin) were evaluated after the infusion. Saline infusates caused no physiological dysfunction despite ipsilateral expansion and vacuolation of the subcortical white matter, separation of axonal bundles and a significant decrease (p=3.8×10−5)in local subcortical tissue specific gravity. Cortical histology and specific gravity adjacent to the infusion locus were normal. Rt significantly decreased (p=6.5×10−4) during the infusion but there were only minor increases in ICP. Findings with 20% protein infusates were similar despite a focal 65% decrement in the rCBF CO2 reactivity adjacent to the infusion site. This study has shown that a simple and inexpensive model of infusion brain edema can be created in the rat and that it provides a useful model for assessing the physiological effects of mediator compounds in the infusate. Potential applications and methodological improvements for this model are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670001
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of bradykinin in the etiology of vasogenic brain edema and perilesional brain dysfunction (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 115 (1992), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Bradykinin ; intracranial pressure ; evoked potentials ; cerebral blood flow ; brain edema ; blood brain barrier
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The feline infusion model of brain edema was used to evaluate the role of bradykinin in the etiology and pathophysiology of vasogenic brain edema. Bradykinin (3 or 90 ug in 600 μL saline) did not alter normocapnic regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) nor induce specific changes in either the somatosensory (SEP) or motor (MEP) evoked potentials. The mean increases in ICP (from 4.5 to 16.1 mmHg) and peri-infusion white matter water content (from 69.4 to 79.8 ml/100 g tissue), mean decrease in lumped craniospinal compliance (from 0.040 to 0.014 ml/mmHg) and local histological changes were all similar to those after 600 μL saline infusion. The interstitial bradykinin infusion caused focal blood-brain-barrier (BBB) opening to Evans Blue dye and was chemotaxic for granulocytes. After the infusion there was a global loss of rCBF CO2 reactivity but there was no ischemia at normocapnia. These results show that bradykinin in brain edema fluid, at concentrations greater than those found in neuropathological conditions, can open the BBB of normal cerebral parenchymal capillaries and cause vascular dysregulation. In neuropathological conditions bradykinin may therefore potentiate formation of vasogenic brain edema but does not contribute to perilesional brain dysfunction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400591
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuropathological and neurophysiological effects of interstitial white matter autologous and non-autologous protein containing solutions: Further evidence for a glioma derived permeability factor (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 120 (1993), S. 164-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Brain edema ; blood brain barrier ; serum protein ; evoked potential ; glioma ; cerebral blood flow ; permeability factor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The feline infusion model of brain edema was used to evaluate the pathophysiological effects of 0.6ml infusions of autologous serum protein (66%), human serum protein (66%), human glioma cyst fluid and a tissue culture medium (TCM) on the structure and function of the forebrain white matter. These infusions increased local white matter water content by between 10.8 and 12.5 ml/100 g brain and were associated with moderate increases in ICP and CSF outflow resistance and a significant decrease in lumped craniospinal compliance. Cortical somatosensory potentials, motor evoked potentials, EEG and local cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at normocapnia were generally unchanged by the various infusions. All infusates except the 66% autologous serum protein infusion impaired rCBF CO2 reactivity. Histologically all infusates caused marked extracellular edema. The autologous serum protein infusion caused no additional histological changes whereas the glioma cyst infusates caused profound endothelial and astrocytic swelling, focal endothelial necrosis, basement membrane disruption, perivascular microglial reaction and pavementation and perivascular migration of polymor-phonuclear leukocytes. Similar but less marked changes were seen after infusion of human serum protein whilst the TCM produced only minimal changes. The intensity and extent of Evans Blue extravasation into the forebrain white matter was greatest with glioma cyst infusates and with all infusions reflected the extent to microvascular changes. These studies show that products derived from gliomas cause additional damage to the blood-brain-barrier than that caused by non-autologous serum proteins. These results add further support for the existence of glioma derived permeability factors (GDPF), but suggest neither serum proteins nor glioma derived compounds in the white matter interstitium significantly influence local electrophysiological function. Some limitations of the infusion edema model when using non-autologous infusions and difficulties quantitating brain dysfunction are emphasised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02112037
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pungent spices, ground red pepper, and synthetic capsaicin as onion fly ovipositional deterrents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014714
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses ton-dipropyl disulfide by ovipositing onion flies: Effects of concentration and site of release (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020553
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of onion fly attractants and ovipositional stimulants by bacterial isolates cultured on onion (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 905-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; Erwinia carotovora varcarotovora ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; food attractant ; ovipositional stimulant ; dipropyl disulfide ; 2-phenylethanol ; pentanoic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Decomposing onions at certain microbial successional stages produce potent volatile attractants and ovipositional stimulants of the onion fly,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). A reproducible source of these compounds was obtained by culturingErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (EC) on sterile onion tissue. In laboratory choice tests, EC-inoculated onion was more attractive thanKlebsiella pneumoniae (KP) cultured on onion, EC cultured on potato (a nonhost of onion fly), or the chemical synthetic baits dipropyl disulfide and an aqueous solution of 2-phenylethanol and pentanoic acid. Onion flies were mildly attracted to potato after inoculation with EC, but females did not accept EC-inoculated potato for oviposition. This work emphasizes that sources of semiochemicals may need to be defined microbiologically as well as physically and chemically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015186
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