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  • chemotrophic growth  (3)
  • data reconciliation  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new thermodynamically based correlation of chemotrophic biomass yields (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60 (1991), S. 235-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: biomass yield ; chemotrophic growth ; Gibbsenergy dissipation ; thermodynamic efficiencies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new, generally applicable, thermodynamically based method is proposed to provide an estimation of the biomass yield on arbitrary organic and inorganic substrates. Aerobic, anaerobic, denitrifying growth systems with and without reversed electrontransport are covered. The biomass yield can be estimated with only 15% error in a very wide range of microbial growth systems and biomass yields (0.01–0.80 C-mol/(C)-mol). This method is based on the use of ‘Gibbs energy dissipared per C-mol produced biomass’ (designated as D infS sup01 /rAx) as the central parameter. Moreover the insufficiency of other methods based on YATP, YAve, ŋ0, YC and enthalpy or Gibbs energy efficiencies is shortly discussed. Also it appeared to be possible to understand the obtained correlation of D infS sup01 /rAx in general biochemical terms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430368
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In search of a thermodynamic description of biomass yields for the chemotrophic growth of microorganisms (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 833-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biomass yield ; chemotrophic growth ; Gibbs energy dissipation ; thermodynamic efficiencies ; energy convertor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Correlations for the prediction of biomass yields are valuable, and many proposals based on a number of parameters (YATP, YAve, ηo, Yc, Gibbs energy efficiencies, and enthalpy efficiencies) have been published. This article critically examines the properties of the proposed parameters with respect to the general applicability to chemotrophic growth systems, a clear relation to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the absence of intrinsic problems, and a requirement of only black box information. It appears that none of the proposed parameters satisfies all these requirements. Particularly, the various energetic efficiency parameters suffer from major intrinsic problems. However, this article will show that the Gibbs energy dissipation per amount of produced biomass (kJ/C-mod) is a parameter which satisfies the requirements without having intrinsic problems. A simple correlation is found which provides the Gibbs energy dissipation/C-mol biomass as a function of the nature of the C-source (expressed as the carbon chain length and the degree of reduction). This dissipation appears to be nearly independent of the nature of the electron acceptor (e.g., O2, No3-, fermentation). Hence, a single correlation can describe a very wide range of microbial growth systems. In this respect, Gibbs energy dissipation is much more useful than heat production/C-mol biomass, which is strongly dependent on the electron acceptor used. Evidence is presented that even a net heat-uptake can occur in certain growth systems.The correlation of Gibbs energy dissipation thus obtained shows that dissipation/C-mol biomass increases for C-sources with smaller chain length (C6 → C1), and increases for both higher and lower degrees of reduction than 4. It appears that the dissipation/C-mol biomass can be regarded as a simple thermodynamic measure of the amount of biochemical “work” required to convert the carbon source into biomass by the proper irreversible carbon-carbon coupling and oxidation/reduction reactions. This is supported by the good correlation between the theoretical ATP requirement for biomass formation on different C-sources and the dissipation values (kJ/C-mol biomass) found. The established correlation for the Gibbs energy dissipation allows the prediction of the chemotrophic biomass yield on substrate with an error of 13% in the yield range 0.01 to 0.80 C-mol biomass/(C)-mol substrate for aerobic/anaerobic/denitrifying growth systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390806
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thermodynamically based correlation for maintenance gibbs energy requirements in aerobic and anaerobic chemotrophic growth (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Gibbs energy requirements ; chemotrophic growth ; maintenance ; anaerobic and aerobic ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thermodynamic framework has been provided for the description of maintenance requirements of microorganisms. The central parameter is the biomass specific Gibbs energy consumption for maintenance, mE (kJ/C-mol biomass · h). A large set of data has been used including (i) a large range of different organisms (bacteria, yeasts, plant cells), (ii) mixed cultures, (iii) heterotrophic and autotrophic growth, (iv) growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and (v) a large temperature range (5-75°C). It appears that only the temperature has a major influence, with an energy of activation of 69 kJ/mol. Different electron donors or electron acceptors only show a very minor influence on mE. On the basis of the data set, temperature correlations of mE have been derived for aerobic and anaerobic growth. The generalized concept for maintenance Gibbs energy is used to establish a correlation which allows the estimation of the biomass yield on electron donor as a function of C-source, electron donor, electron acceptor, N source, growth rate, and temperature. The advantage of using the mE parameter over other maintenance-related parameters (like μe, mO2, mD, γDmD) is discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420415
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear constraint relations in biochemical reaction systems: I. Classification of the calculability and the balanceability of conversion rates (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: data reconciliation ; balancing ; classification ; observability ; redundancy ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements provide the basis for process monitoring and control as well as for model development and validation. Systematic approaches to increase the accuracy and credibility of the empirical data set are therefore of great value. In (bio)chemical conversions, linear conservation relations such as the balance equations for charge, enthalpy, and/or chemical elements, can be employed to relate conversion rates. In a pactical situation, some of these rates will be measured (in effect, be calculated directly from primary measurements of, e.g., concentrations and flow rates), as others can or cannot be calculated from the measured ones. When certain measured rates can also be calculated from other measured rates, the set of equations, the accuracy and credibility of the measured rates can indeed be improved by, respectively, balancing and gross error diagnosis. The balanced conversion rates are more accurate, and form a consistent set of data, which is more suitable for further application (e.g., to calculate nonmeasured rates) than the raw measurements. Such an approach has drawn attention in previous studies. The current study deals mainly with the problem of mathematically classifying the conversion rates into balanceable and calculable rates, given the subset of measured rates. The significance of this problem is illustrated with some examples. It is shown that a simple matrix equation can be derived that contains the vector of measured conversion rates and the redundancy matrix R. Matrix R plays a predominant role in the classification problem. In supplementary articles, significance of the redundancy matrix R for an improved gross error diagnosis approach will be shown. In addition, efficient equations have been derived to calculate the balanceable and/or calculable rates. The method is completely based on matrix algebra (principally different from the graph-theoretical approach), and it is easily implemented into a computer program. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear constrain relations in biochemical reaction systems III. Sequential application of data reconciliation for sensitive detection of systematic errors (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 781-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: error diagnosis ; filtering technique ; data reconciliation ; measurement error detection ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents a method to test the presence of relatively small systematic measurement errors; e.g., those caused by inaccurate calibration or sensor drift. To do this, primary measurements - flow rates and concentrations - are first translated into observed conversions, which should satisfy several constraints, like the laws of conservation of chemical elements. This study considers three objectives: 1.Modification of the commonly used balancing technique to improve error sensitivity to be able to detect small systematic errors. To this end, the balancing technique is applied sequentially in time.2.Extension of the method to enable direct diagnosis of errors in the primary measurements instead of diagnosing errors in the observed conversions. This was achieved by analyzing how individual errors in the primary measurements are expressed in the residual vector.3.Derivation of a new systematic method to quantitatively determine the sensitivity of the error, is that error size at which the expected value of the chisquare test function equals its critical value.The method is applied to industrial data demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach. It was shown that, for most possible error sources, a systematic errors of 2% to 5% could be detected. In given application, the variation of the N-content of biomass was appointed to be the cause of errors. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440703
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear constraint relations in biochemical reaction systems: II. Diagnosis and estimation of gross errors (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: conservation equations ; linear constraints ; data reconciliation ; balancing technique ; gross error detection ; error diagnosis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conservation equations derived from elemental balances, heat balances, and metabolic stoichiometry, can be used to constrain the values of conversion rates of relevant components. In the present work, their use will be discussed for detection and localization of significant errors of the following types: 1.At least one of the primary measurements has a significant error (gross measurement error).2.The system definition is incorrect: a component a.is not included in the system description.b.has a composition different from that specified.3.The specified variances are too small, resulting in a too-sensitive test.The error diagnosis technique presented here, is based on the following: given the conservation equations, for each set of measured rates, a vector of residuals of these equations can be constructed, of which the direction is related to the error source, as its length is a measure of the error size. The similarity of the directions of such a residual vector and certain compare vectors, each corresponding to a specific error source, is considered in a statistical test. If two compare vectors that result from different error sources have (almost) the same direction, errors of these types cannot be distinguished from each other. For each possible error in the primary measurements of flows and concentrations, the compare vector can be constructed a priori, thus allowing analysis beforehand, which errors can be observed. Therefore, the detectability of certain errors likely to occur can be insured by selecting a proper measurement set. The possibility of performing this analysis before experiments are carried out is an important advantage, providing a profound understanding of the detectability of errors. The characteristics of the method with respect to diagnosis of simultaneous errors and error size estimation are discussed and compared to those of the serial elimination method and the serial compensation strategy, published elsewhere. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430104
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