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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): Canada ; cancer etiology ; case-control study ; cohort study ; dietary fiber ; vitamin A ; vitamin C ; vitamin E
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Risk of breast cancer was examined in relation to intake of dietary fiber and vitamins A, C, and E, and food groups which are sources of these dietary constituents, in a cohort of 56,837 women enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Between 1982 and 1987, 519 incident, histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer were identified among women who previously had completed self-administered dietary questionnaires. Their nutrient and food intake was compared with that of 1,182 women who had not developed breast cancer during the follow-up period. Women at the uppermost quintile level of dietary fiber intake had a 30 percent reduction in risk of breast cancer relative to that for women at the lowest quintile level (adjusted odds ratio = 0.68,95 percent confidence interval = 0.46–1.00), and the reduction in risk persisted after adjustment (separately) for total vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin C, and α-tocopherol. Inverse associations of similar magnitude were observed in association with consumption of pasta, cereals (the trend for which was statistically significant), and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C. Smaller, statistically nonsignificant reductions in risk were observed with increasing intake of dietary retinol, β-carotene, and vitamin C, but the magnitude of these associations was reduced after adjustment for other dietary factors. Vitamin E intake was not associated with altered risk of breast cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051711
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dietary factors and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Ontario, Canada (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): Canada ; case-control study ; diet ; males ; prostate cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The relationship between risk of prostate cancer and dietary intake of energy, fat, vitamin A, and other nutrients was investigated in a case-control study conducted in Ontario, Canada. Cases were men with a recent, histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate notified to the Ontario Cancer Registry between April 1990 and April 1992. Controls were selected randomly from assessment lists maintained by the Ontario Ministry of Revenue, and were frequency-matched to the cases on age. The study included 207 cases (51.4 percent of those eligible) and 207 controls (39.4 percent of those eligible), and information on dietary intake was collected from them by means of a quantitative diet history. There was a positive association between energy intake and risk of prostate cancer, such that men at the uppermost quartile level of energy intake had a 75 percent increase in risk. In contrast, there was no clear association between the non-energy effects of total fat and monounsaturated fat intake and prostate cancer risk. There was some evidence for an inverse association with saturated fat intake, although the dose-response pattern was irregular. There was a weak (statistically nonsignificant) positive association between polyunsaturated fat intake and risk of prostate cancer. Relatively high levels of retinol intake were associated with reduced risk, but there was essentially no association between dietary β-carotene intake and risk. There was no alteration in risk in association with dietary fiber, cholesterol, and vitamins C and E. Although these patterns were evident both overall and within age-strata, and persisted after adjustment for a number of potential confounding factors, they could reflect (in particular) the effect of nonrespondent bias.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052775
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A case-cohort study of diet and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast (Canada) (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 9 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Schlagwort(e): Canada ; diet ; benign breast disease ; breast cancer ; women
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case-cohort analysis of the association between diet and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED) of the breast was undertaken within a cohort of 56,537 women who were enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) and who completed a self-administered dietary questionnaire. (The NBSS is a randomized controlled trial of screening for breast cancer in women aged 40 to 59 years.) BPED are thought to have premalignant potential. Specific hypotheses were that risk of BPED would increase with increasing energy-adjusted fat intake and decrease with increasing energy-adjusted vitamin A and fiber intake. Additionally, we explored the association between calcium intake and risk of BPED. During the active follow-up phase of the NBSS, 657 women in the dietary cohort were diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed incident BPED. For comparative purposes, a subcohort consisting of a random sample of 5,581 women was selected from the full dietary cohort. After exclusions for various reasons, the analyses were based on 545 cases and 4,921 non-cases. Overall, the results were almost uniformly null, and provided little support for the study hypotheses. Rate ratios (95 percent confidence intervals [CI]) for the highest cf the lowest quintile levels for total fat, retinol, β-carotene, fiber, and calcium were 0.88 (CI = 0.65-1.20), 0.97 (CI = 0.71-1.31), 0.94 (CI = 0.70-1.27), 1.11 (CI = 0.82-1.50), and 0.81 (CI = 0.60-1.07), respectively. There were too few cases of atypical BPED for meaningful analysis, but results for those whose BPED showed no atypia were similar to the overall results. Further analyses conducted separately in the screened and control arms of the NBSS also failed to provide strong support for dietary associations, as did those conducted separately for screen-detected and interval-detected BPED.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008841118358
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Test of Interpersonal Theory of Depression in Youth Psychiatric Inpatients (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of abnormal child psychology 27 (1999), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2835
    Schlagwort(e): Reassurance-seeking ; depression ; rejection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Coyne's (1976b) interpersonal theory of depression postulated that the combination of depressive symptoms and excessive reassurance-seeking leads to interpersonal problems (e.g., loneliness, devaluation). The present study is one of the first to test this model among youth, particularly a clinical sample of youth. Sixty-eight youth psychiatric inpatients (35 girls; 33 boys; mean age = 13.34 years, SD = 2.50) completed self-report measures of excessive reassurance-seeking, depressive symptoms, and interpersonal rejection. Results conformed to the hypothesis: The statistical interaction of excessive reassurance-seeking and depressive symptoms predicted interpersonal rejection, such that high-reassurance-seeking youth with depressive symptoms reported the most interpersonal rejection. Implications of the findings for interpersonal theory of depression in youngsters are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022666424731
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward a categorization of depression-related psychological constructs (1996)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 20 (1996), S. 51-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Schlagwort(e): depression ; higher-order factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract We conducted two factor-analytic studies of eight depression-related constructs (internal, stable, and global dimensions of attributional style, dysfunctional attitudes, self-esteem, reassurance-seeking, and cognitive and somatic depressed symptoms) among 673 undergraduates. Study 1's exploratory factor analysis revealed that the attributional stability and globality dimensions comprised an Attributional Generality factor; that dysfunctional attitudes and self-esteem loaded onto a separate factor labeled Self-Regard; and that cognitive and somatic depressed symptoms made up their own separate factor, which also included self-esteem. Study 2's LISREL confirmatory factor analyses confirmed Study 1's findings. Results on attributional internality and reassurance-seeking were equivocal. We discuss the implications of the results for depression theory and research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229243
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interaction of Cognitive Avoidance Coping and Stress in Predicting Depression/Anxiety (2000)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 24 (2000), S. 47-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Schlagwort(e): gender ; coping ; stress ; depression ; anxiety
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated (1) the moderating effects of gender and cognitive avoidance coping on the negative life events–depressive/anxious symptoms relationship, and (2) the validity of the cognitive avoidance coping construct. One hundred seventy-nine men and women completed the Coping Responses Inventory (CRI), Negative Life Events Questionnaire, and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories at Time 1 and, 3 weeks later, at Time 2. A confirmatory factor analysis of the four CRI Avoidant Coping subscales revealed that a two-factor model, comprising Cognitive and Behavioral Avoidance Coping, was superior to the one-factor model composed of Avoidant Coping. Multiple regression analyses revealed that high negative life event scores were predictive of significant increases in symptoms among females who endorsed greater use of cognitive avoidance coping, but not among males. Behavioral avoidance coping was unrelated to changes in depressive and anxious symptoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005450908245
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A confirmatory factor-analytic investigation of the tripartite model of depression and anxiety in college students (1996)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 20 (1996), S. 521-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Schlagwort(e): tripartite model ; depression ; anxiety ; positive and negative affect ; confirmatory factor analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The tripartite model of depression and anxiety suggests that depression and anxiety possess shared (generalized negative affect) and specific (low positive affect and physiological hyperarousal) components. In one of the first studies to examine the model using LISREL confirmatory factor-analytic techniques and an array of different self-report measures, 205 undergraduates completed measures of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and positive and negative affect. Consistent with the tripartite model, a three-factor model—with depression, anxiety, and negative affect as factors—provided a good fit to the observed data, whereas one- and two-factor models did not. In the three-factor model, low positive affect was a specific indicator of depression; physiological hyperarousal was a specific indicator of anxiety; and nonspecific indicators, such as negative mood, made up the negative affect factor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02227911
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exercise and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: What Is the Nature of Their Interrelations? (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of occupational rehabilitation 8 (1998), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3688
    Schlagwort(e): exercise ; depression ; anxiety ; self-esteem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Exercise is widely viewed as both therapeutic and prophylactic regarding an array of health outcomes. We empirically examined this claim with specific reference to depressive and anxious symptoms. The interrelations of exercise and depressive and anxious symptoms were longitudinally assessed among a sample of 188 undergraduates over the course of 3 weeks. Depressive and anxious symptoms did not account for changes in self-reported exercise. However, consistent with prediction, high self-reported exercise level was associated with increases in self-esteem and decreases in depressive symptoms among women. Increases in self-esteem only partly accounted for decreases in depressive symptoms. Results were specific to depressive vs. anxious symptoms. Among men, a surprising result emerged: Men who reported higher levels of exercise tended to experience decreases in self-esteem and increases in depressive symptoms over the course of the study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021326406744
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