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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus: anatomy and clinical significance (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1999), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Esophageal artery ; Esophageal anatomy ; Semicircular esophageal artery ; Cadaver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cadaver studies were made to obtain more details about the arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus, with emphasis on the arterial supply to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The results showed that the inferior thoracic segment of the esophagus usually received blood supply from a single artery, with an average diameter of 1.42 ± 0.49 mm (X ± s), whereas the abdominal segment was commonly supplied by two arteries. The abdominal esophageal arteries coming from the left gastric artery were semi-circular in shape with an average diameter of 2.06 ± 0.70 mm. From these semi-circular esophageal arteries, 3 to 8 smaller arteries branched off and penetrated into the muscle of the abdominal segment of the esophagus or anastomosed with arterial branches from the inferior thoracic segment. Thus, the blood supply of the abdominal segment was richer than that of the inferior thoracic segment. This richness of blood supply, characterized by semicircular esophageal arteries in the abdominal segment, may be important for the function of the LES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-998-0399-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus: anatomy and clinical significance (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Esophageal artery ; Esophageal anatomy ; Semicircular esophageal artery ; Cadaver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude autospique a été réalisée pour obtenir plus de détails sur le trajet de l'artère du segment thoracoabdominal de l'œsophage en insistant sur l'apport artériel du sphincter inférieur de l'œsophage (SIO). Les résultats montrent que le segment thoracique inférieur de l'œsophage reçoit habituellement son apport artériel d'une seule artère d'un diamètre moyen de 1.42±0.49 mm. Tandis que le segment abdominal de l'œsophage est le plus fréquemment vascularisé par deux artères. Les artères de l'œsophage abdominal naissant de l'artère gastrique gauche adoptent une forme semi-circulaire et présentent un diamètre moyen de 2.06±0.70 mm. De ces artères œsophagiennes semi-circulaires naissent trois à huit petites branches artérielles qui pénètrent dans le muscle du segment abominal de l'œsophage ou s'anastomosent avec les branches artérielles venant du segment thoracique inférieur de l'œsophage. Ainsi, la vascularisation du segment abdominal de l'œsophage est plus riche que celle du segment thoracique inférieur. La richesse de la vascularisation caractérisée par les artères œsophagiennes semi-circulaires au niveau du segment semi-abdominal peut être importante dans la fonction du SIO.
    Notes: Summary Cadaver studies were made to obtain more details about the arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus, with emphasis on the arterial supply to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The results showed that the inferior thoracic segment of the esophagus usually received blood supply from a single artery, with an average diameter of 1.42±0.49 mm (X±s), whereas the abdominal segment was commonly supplied by two arteries. The abdominal esophageal arteries coming from the left gastric artery were semi-circular in shape with an average diameter of 2.06±0.70 mm. From these semi-circular esophageal arteries, 3 to 8 smaller arteries branched off and penetrated into the muscle of the abdominal segment of the esophagus or anastomosed with arterial branches from the inferior thoracic segment. Thus, the blood supply of the abdominal segment was richer than that of the inferior thoracic segment. This richness of blood supply, characterized by semicircular esophageal arteries in the abdominal segment, may be important for the function of the LES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01653129
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of the Second Dissociation Constant and Standards for pH of 3-(NMorpholino) Propanesulfonic Acid (MOPS) Buffers from 5 to 55°C (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 27 (1998), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Dissociation constant ; buffers ; NaMOPS ; temperature dependence ; emf ; Gibbs energy ; enthalpy ; entropy ; heat capacity ; zwitterion ; liquid junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The second dissociation constant pK2 of 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) has been determined at eight temperatures from 5 to 55°C by measurements of the emf of cells without liquid junction, utilizing hydrogen electrodes and silver–silver chloride electrodes. The pK2 has a value of 7.18 ± 0.001 at 25°C and 7.044 ± 0.002 at 37°C. The thermodynamic quantities ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔC p o have been derived from the temperature coefficients of the pK 2. This buffer at ionic strength I = 0.16 mol-kg−1 close to that of blood serum, has been recommended as a useful secondary pH standard for measurements of physiological fluids. Five buffer solutions with the following compositions were prepared: (a) equimolal mixture of MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS, (0.05 mol-kg−1); (b( MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.05 mol-kg−1); (c) MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1); + NaCl (0.11mol-kg−1); (d) MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1); and (e)MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg−1).The pH values obtained by using the pH meter + glass electrode assembly are compared with those measured from a flow–junction calomel cell saturated with KCl (cell B), as well as those obtained from cell (A) without liquid junction at 25 and 37°C. The conventional values of the liquid junction potentials E j have been obtained at 25 and 37°C for the physiological phosphate reference solution as well as for the MOPS buffers (d) and (e) mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022692629289
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of DCl in D2O solution from 5 to 50°C (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 675-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Deuterium chloride ; deuterium oxide ; electrochemical cell ; emf ; enthalpy ; entropy ; free energy ; heat capacity ; isotope effect ; standard potential ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The themodynamic properties of solutions of deuterium chloride (DCl) in deuterium oxide (D2O) have been determined from emf measurements of the electrochemical cell without transference from 5 to 50°C, and from 0.002 to 1.0 mol-kg−1. The standard potential of the silver/silver chloride electrode relative to the platinum/deuterium electrode has been determined. An equation for the Gibbs energy as a function of temperature has been derived from which the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity have been computed. Equations for the activity coefficient and the osmotic coefficient of DCl in D2O have been developed. The excess Gibbs energy of the solution and the excess partial molar free energy as a function of temperature have been calculated, from which the other excess thermodynamic properties have been computed. The values for the heat capacity and the apparent molar heat capacity have been compared with calorimetric data in the literature. The relative partial molar enthalpy has been calculated. The solvent isotope effect on the excess thermodynamic functions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644599
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the standard potential of the mercury:Mercurous sulfate electrode at 25°C in aqueous solution (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 1013-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; cadmium-amalgam electrode ; Clark saturated standard cell ; electrode stability ; emf ; mercury:mercurous sulfate electrode ; standard electrode potential ; sulfuric acid ; Weston saturated standard cell ; zinc-amalgam electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The standard potential of the mercury:mercurous sulfate electrode in aqueous solution at 25°C is determined in terms of the Weston saturated and Clark saturated standard cells. Eight electrode combinations involving cadmium-amalgam or zinc-amalgam electrodes and one lead-amalgam electrode are employed with the emf of the standard cells. A best value of 0.61544 V was obtained that agrees within 0.09 mV with the value previously reported by Harned and Hamer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973518
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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