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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal correlates of encoding and retrieval in episodic memory during a paired-word association learning task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 128 (1999), S. 332-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Episodic memory ; Paired word association ; fMRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The investigation of memory function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an expanding field of research. The aim of this study was to demonstrate brain-activity patterns related to a word-pair association task employing a whole-brain EPI sequence. Six right-handed, healthy male volunteers (mean age: 27.5 years) took part in the study. fMRI was performed at a field strength of 1.5 Tesla with 26–32 slices parallel to the AC-PC line, depending on individual brain size. Distributed brain regions were activated in episodic encoding and retrieval with similarities, but also (distinct) differences in activation patterns. Bilateral prefrontal cortical areas were involved when comparing encoding as well as retrieval to the reference condition (nonsense words). Furthermore, activation was observed in cerebellar areas during encoding, and activation in bilateral parietal areas (precuneus and inferior parietal cortex) was differentially more pronounced during retrieval. The activation of left dorsomedial thalamus during retrieval of high imagery-content word-pair associates may point to the role of this structure in episodic retrieval. The direct cognitive subtraction of encoding minus retrieval yielded a differentially larger left prefrontal activation. There was a differentially higher right prefrontal activation during retrieval than during encoding, underlining the proposed right/left asymmetry for episodic memory processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050853
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    251. Vergleich der klinischen Effizienz früher postoperativer enteraler mit parenteraler Ernährung (1986)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 780-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Postoperative nutrition ; Enteral ; Parenteral ; Postoperative Ernährung ; Enteral ; Parenteral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Pilotstudie erfaßte Probleme postoperativer enteraler Ernährung. Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie verglich 18 rein parenteral mit 18 früh postoperativ enteral ernährten Patienten. Es wurde aufbauend enteral und abnehmend parenteral ernährt. Dokumentiert wurden anhand von 60 Einzeldaten der klinische Verlauf, Laborparameter, anthropometrische Meßgrößen und die subjektive Verträglichkeit. Mit explorativer Teststatistik wurden Unterschiede gesucht.Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich im klinischen Verlauf, bei den Laborparametern und der Anthropometrie. Die Verträglichkeit war in der enteralen Patientengruppe schlechter. Die parenterale Ernährung ist um einen Faktor 1,5–2 teurer.
    Notes: Summary In a pilot study, problems related to postoperative enteral nutrition were documented. In a subsequent prospective randomized trial, 18 patients receiving parenteral nutrition were compared with 18 patients receiving early postoperative enteral nutrition, introduced by progressive stepwise substitution. The patients' clinical progress, laboratory test results, anthropometric data and digestive functions were compared with regard to 60 parameters. Exploratory statistics were used to find relevant differences. There wereno significant differences in clinical outcome, laboratory test results, or anthropometric data. Digestive function was worse in the group receiving enteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition is 1.5–2 times more expensive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01274570
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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