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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of the influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the productivity of hedgerow woody legumes and cassava at the top and the base of a hillslope in alley cropping systems (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Alley cropping ; Available soil P ; Cassava ; Hedgerow trees ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation ; Manihot esculenta ; Glomus mosseae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation on growth and nutrient relationships in two alley-cropping trials, one at the top and the other at the base of a hillslope. Each trial involved three woody hedgerow legumes with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as the sole intercrop. The hedgerow trees at the base of the slope showed greater survival and higher leaf dry weights than those at the top of the slope, although these parameters were not affected by VAM inoculation, either at the top or the base of the slope. In contrast to survival, the uptake of nutrients, particularly P and N, was higher for inoculated than uninoculated hedgerow trees, both at the top and at the base of slope. Increases in stem and leaf biomass and the uptake of nutrients by the trees were strongly correlated with increases in P uptake, indicating that the improvements were attributable to VAM inoculation. Cassava tuber yields at the base of the slope, from inoculated or uninoculated plants, were significantly greater than the corresponding cassava yields at the top of the slope. These increases at the base of the slope compared to the top of the slope were not attributed to available soil nutrients but to greater VAM spore density. Higher available soil moisture may have been another factor. Increasing the VAM spore density of effective mycorrhiza through proper agronomic practices at the top of a slope may bring about comparable yields on different parts of the slope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361408
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pruning frequency of Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala on nodulation and potential nitrogen fixation (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words N2 fixation ; Pruning ; Leucaena ; leucocephala ; Gliricidia sepium ; Albizia lebbeck ; Alley cropping ; Hedgerows ; Tree nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of four pruning frequencies on biomass, nodulation and N2 fixation was investigated on Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala grown in the screenhouse for 16 months, using acetylene reduction and 15N dilution methods. Frequent prunings at 4-month intervals had no deleterious effect on symbiotic N2 fixation, which increased in Gliricidia and Leucaena in particular. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity varied inconsistently within species, and were not influenced by pruning frequency. Cumulative assessment of pruning effect showed higher biomass, N yield and N2-fixing capacity of the woody species than at last harvest, and appeared to have more practical relevance. Across species, cumulative total dry matter, N yields, and both percentage and absolute amount of N2 derived from atmosphere increased with pruning frequency, except when trees were pruned 3 times. Of the three species, G. sepium had the lowest biomass production, N2 fixation and N accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050240
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen contribution by leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) prunings to maize in an alley cropping system (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Leaf decomposition ; Soil N ; Grain yield ; Leucaena leucocephata ; Alley cropping ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The N uptake of maize was assessed on an Alfisol in a sole crop and in an alley cropping system in southwestern Nigeria. Although the application of prunings increased the maize N content in both sole and alley-cropped maize, the N contributed to the maize by the prunings was low, ranging between 4.4 and 23.8 kg ha−1. This was equivalent to 3.2% and 9.407% of the N released during decomposition of the prunings. Application of the prunings increased the grain yields of the sole maize by 38% and the maize yield in the alley-cropped plots by 104%, compared with yields in the corresponding plots where prunings were not applied. The results indicate that part of the N from the prunings was retained in the soil organic-N pool. Maize N, dry weights and grain yields were lowest in the alley-cropped plots where prunings were removed, probably because of competition between the maize and the hedgerow trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261013
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit as affected by inoculation and N fertilizer (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; Rhizobium ; shoot growth ; total nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leonard jar, pot and field experiments examined the effects of inoculation and the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Leucaena responded to both inoculation and/or nitrogen application. Shoot growth and total N and P of inoculated plants were comparable to those of the highest N treatment, and the values were about 55% greater than those of uninoculated ones. Field data indicated that toal N yields of inoculated leucaena were increased by 50% with 40 or 80 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer. However, N fertilizer depressed N fixation by 56% as was expected from nodule mass data. N-fixation was delayed for about 8 weeks in the plots without N. Application of small amounts of N starter (20 ppm) proved to be beneficial to satisfy the plant need during the early stage of leucaena growth. The rhizobial strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 were effective, competitive and survived well in the field one year after their establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181762
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen contribution of Leucaena/Rhizobium symbiosis to soil and a subsequent maize crop (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; egbeda series ; Leucaena leucocephala ; inoculation ; maize ; nitrogen contribution ; nodules ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The nitrogen contribution from the shoot and root system of symbiotically grown leucaena was evaluated in a field experiment on an Alfisol at IITA in Southern Nigeria. Maize in plots that received prunings from inoculated leucaena contained more N and grain yield was increased by 1.9 t.ha.−1. Large quantities of nitrogen were harvested with leucaena prunings (300 kg N ha−1 in six months) but the efficiency of utilization of this nitrogen by maize was low compared to inorganic N fertilizer (ammonium sulphate) at 80 kg N ha−1. Maize yield data indicated that nitrogen in leucaena prunigs was 34 and 45% as efficient as 80 kg N ha−1 of (NH4)2SO4 for uninoculated and inoculated plants with Rhizobium IRc 1045, respectively. In plots where the prunings were removed, the leaf litter and decaying roots and nodules contributed N equivalent of 32 kg ha−1. Twenty-five kg ha−1 was the inorganic N equivalent from nitrogen fixed symbiotically by leucaena when inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045. Application of prunings from inoculated leucaena resulted in higher soil ogranic C, total N, pH and available NO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181763
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of Leucaena/Rhizobium symbiosis to mineral nutrients in Southwestern Nigeria (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; allantoin ; inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; mineral nutrition ; nodulation ; nitrogenase activity ; shoot growth ; total nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and field experiments carried out at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and at Fashola, Southwestern Nigeria, examined the effect of inoculation and N, P and micronutrients on nodulation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. In pot studies all parameters measured, except the percentage of nitrogen in shoots, were improved by inoculation, nitrogen and phosphorus. Micronutrients increased only nitrogen and allantoin contents. Interactions between inoculation and P, N and micronutrients on nodulation and growth of leucaena were observed. The effect of inoculation and fertilization with phosphorus or micronutrients was further investigated in field experiments. Establishment of uninoculated and unfertilized leucaena was poor at both locations due to low soil fertility and the presence of only a few native leucaena rhizobia. At one site, only inoculated plants were nodulated, while at the other, all plants produced nodules. Shoot dry weight, total nitrogen and phosphorus of inoculated plants were statistically equal to nitrogen-fertilized plants. Uninoculated plants were stunted. Generally, micronutrients did not influence nodulation, total nitrogen or growth of leucaena. They had only a positive effect on nitrogenase activity. Phosphorus increased total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and plant growth. A 75% increase in shoot dry weight was obtained when 80 kg P ha−1 was applied to inoculated leucaena with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045. Inoculated plants contained more allantoins than uninoculated ones but no significant correlation was found between these compounds and other parameters of N fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181761
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence and recovery of introduced Rhizobium ten years after inoculation on Leucaena leucocephala grown on an Alfisol in southwestern Nigeria (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 159 (1994), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; persistence ; Rhizobium strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Establishment of Leucaena leucocephala was poor at Ibadan (Transition forest-savanna zone) and Fashola (savanna zone, 70 km north of Ibadan) in southwestern Nigeria as a result of low soil fertility and the presence of only a few native rhizobia capable of nodulating it. Inoculation with L. leucocephala at these two locations in 1982 resulted in striking responses with Rhizobium strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 isolated from L. leucocephala grown in Nigeria. The persistence of inoculated effective Rhizobium strains after inoculation is desirable since it removes the need for reinoculation. Because of the perennial nature of L. leucocephala and its use in long-term alley farming experiments, we examined the persistence of inoculated rhizobial strains after inoculation, and their ability to sustain N2-fixation and biomass production at Ibadan. In 1992, ten years after Rhizobium introduction, uninoculated, L. leucocephala fixed about 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or about 41% of total plant N compared to 180 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or 43% measured in 1982. Serological typing of the nodules using the Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and intrinsic resistance to the streptomycin test revealed that most of the nodules (96%) formed on L. leucocephala in 1992 were by Rhizobium strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050, which were inoculated in 1982. Nodules were absent on uninoculated L. leucocephala grown on the adjacent field with no history of L. leucocephala cultivation. We conclude that the N2 fixed by Rhizobium strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 persisted for many years in the absence of L. leucocephala and sustained effectively fixed N2 which growth and yield of L. leucocephala after several years, thus encouraging a possible low-input alley farming system by smallholder farmers in Nigeria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009281
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