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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 8 (1976), S. 519-525 
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1986), S. 301-308 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail concerne l'étude des variations de populations deRhizobium capables de faire noduler le cowpea et deux cultivars de soja soumis à des environnements différents. A Maradi, au Niger, localité éxposée à des températures extrêmes et à une sécheresse prolongée, le sol contient moins deRhizobium qu'à Onne et à l'Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale, lesquels sont situés dans la zone humide du Nigéria. Six semaines après les semailles, lesRhizobium sont sensiblement plus nombreux dans les champs de cowpea que dans les jachères, ce qui indique que la culture de cowpea entraîne le développement deRhizobium compatibles dans la couche racinaire des 15 centimètres superficiels.Bradyrhizobium japonicum, qui est spécifique des cultivars de soja américain, est la population la plus faible dans les trois sites, confirmant ainsi la nécessité dans les sols tropicaux d'inoculer ces cultivars avec desRhizobium appropriés. En jachère, c'est à dire en l'absence de plante-hôte, les populations rhizobiennes sont restées stables pendant quatre années.
    Abstract: Resumen Se estudió la variación en el tamaño de población deRhizobium capaces de nodular en caupíes y en dos cultivars de soja con distintos requerimientos simbióticos, en tres localidades del Oeste de Africa. Maradi, en Nigeria es un lugar con un régimen de temperaturas extremas y sequía prolongada; en este lugar el suelo contenía menor número deRhizobium comparado con las poblaciones encontradas en Onne y en le Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, ambos lugares situados en la zona húmeda de Nigeria. La población deRhizobium, especialmente deRhizobium associados a caupíes, era significativamente superior en aquellos campos que habían sido cultivados que en las parcelas dejadas en barbecho, indicando con ello que el cultivo de caupíes aumenta la población rizosférica deRhizobium compatibles.Bradyrhizobium japonicum, específico para los cultivars americanos de soja, era el menos abundante en las tres localidades estudiadas, confirmándose así la necesidad de inocular dichos cultivars con elRhizobium apropiado en suelos tropicales. En las parcelas en barbecho, en ausencia de planta huésped, las poblaciones deRhizobium se mantuvieron establizadas durante 4 años.
    Notes: Summary Variation in the population sizes of rhizobia that are capable of nodulating cowpeas and two soybean cultivars with different symbiotic promiscuities was assessed at three locations in West Africa. Maradi, in Niger, is subject to temperature extremes and prolonged drought; the soil contained fewer rhizobia than those at Onne and at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture both of which are located in the humid zone of Nigeria. Numbers of rhizobia, especially of cowpea rhizobia in the top 15 cm six weeks after planting, were significantly higher in fields cropped to cowpeas than fallow soil, indicating that cowpea crops built up the population of compatible rhizobia in the root zone.Bradyrhizobium japonicum specific for American soybean cultivars had the smallest population at all three locations, confirming the need for inoculating these cultivars with appropriate rhizobia in tropical soils. In fallow plots, in the absence of the host plant, rhizobial population sizes remained stable for four years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; Rhizobium ; shoot growth ; total nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leonard jar, pot and field experiments examined the effects of inoculation and the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Leucaena responded to both inoculation and/or nitrogen application. Shoot growth and total N and P of inoculated plants were comparable to those of the highest N treatment, and the values were about 55% greater than those of uninoculated ones. Field data indicated that toal N yields of inoculated leucaena were increased by 50% with 40 or 80 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer. However, N fertilizer depressed N fixation by 56% as was expected from nodule mass data. N-fixation was delayed for about 8 weeks in the plots without N. Application of small amounts of N starter (20 ppm) proved to be beneficial to satisfy the plant need during the early stage of leucaena growth. The rhizobial strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 were effective, competitive and survived well in the field one year after their establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: difference method ; isotope dilution ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The amount of nitrogen fixed byLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit was assessed on an Alfisol at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture located in southwestern Nigeria. Estimated by the difference method, nitrogen fixation of leucaena inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045 was 133 kg ha−1 in six months. Inoculation with Rhizobium strain IRc 1050 gave a lower nitrogen fixation of 76 kg ha−1. Fertilization with 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 inhibited nitrogen fixation by 43–76% and 49–71%, respectively. Estimates with the15N dilution method gave nitrogen fixation of 134 kg ha−1 in six months when leucaena was inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045 and 98 kg ha−1 for leucaena inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1050. This nitrogen fixation represented 34–39% of the plant nitrogen. Inoculated leucaena derived 5–6% of its nitrogen from applied fertilizer and 56–54% from soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; egbeda series ; Leucaena leucocephala ; inoculation ; maize ; nitrogen contribution ; nodules ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The nitrogen contribution from the shoot and root system of symbiotically grown leucaena was evaluated in a field experiment on an Alfisol at IITA in Southern Nigeria. Maize in plots that received prunings from inoculated leucaena contained more N and grain yield was increased by 1.9 t.ha.−1. Large quantities of nitrogen were harvested with leucaena prunings (300 kg N ha−1 in six months) but the efficiency of utilization of this nitrogen by maize was low compared to inorganic N fertilizer (ammonium sulphate) at 80 kg N ha−1. Maize yield data indicated that nitrogen in leucaena prunigs was 34 and 45% as efficient as 80 kg N ha−1 of (NH4)2SO4 for uninoculated and inoculated plants with Rhizobium IRc 1045, respectively. In plots where the prunings were removed, the leaf litter and decaying roots and nodules contributed N equivalent of 32 kg ha−1. Twenty-five kg ha−1 was the inorganic N equivalent from nitrogen fixed symbiotically by leucaena when inoculated with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045. Application of prunings from inoculated leucaena resulted in higher soil ogranic C, total N, pH and available NO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisol ; allantoin ; inoculation ; Leucaena leucocephala ; mineral nutrition ; nodulation ; nitrogenase activity ; shoot growth ; total nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and field experiments carried out at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and at Fashola, Southwestern Nigeria, examined the effect of inoculation and N, P and micronutrients on nodulation and growth ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. In pot studies all parameters measured, except the percentage of nitrogen in shoots, were improved by inoculation, nitrogen and phosphorus. Micronutrients increased only nitrogen and allantoin contents. Interactions between inoculation and P, N and micronutrients on nodulation and growth of leucaena were observed. The effect of inoculation and fertilization with phosphorus or micronutrients was further investigated in field experiments. Establishment of uninoculated and unfertilized leucaena was poor at both locations due to low soil fertility and the presence of only a few native leucaena rhizobia. At one site, only inoculated plants were nodulated, while at the other, all plants produced nodules. Shoot dry weight, total nitrogen and phosphorus of inoculated plants were statistically equal to nitrogen-fertilized plants. Uninoculated plants were stunted. Generally, micronutrients did not influence nodulation, total nitrogen or growth of leucaena. They had only a positive effect on nitrogenase activity. Phosphorus increased total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and plant growth. A 75% increase in shoot dry weight was obtained when 80 kg P ha−1 was applied to inoculated leucaena with Rhizobium strain IRc 1045. Inoculated plants contained more allantoins than uninoculated ones but no significant correlation was found between these compounds and other parameters of N fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 43 (1975), S. 519-522 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Microbial populations of 11 Nigerian soils are reported. Four soils from the dry forest zone of Nsukka, East Central State, are characterized by few algae, nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and aerobic cellulose decomposers. Four soils from four northern States in the Guinea savanna have abundant bacteria and algae but in none of these soils do Azotobacter or Beijerinckia exceed 100 bacteria/g soil. Three soils from the dry forest zone of Ibadan, Western State, contain normal densities of the microbes examined. Populations of fungi and actinomycetes in the 11 soils vary little. Acidity has a great influence on the densities of the microbes examined. No conclusions can be drawn on the relation of temperature, soil type, or vegetation to the densities of the microbes examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Soil inoculation ; Transplantation ; VA-Mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of inoculation withGlomus mosseae and method of planting on the performance of two cowpea cultivars were studied in field experiments on a sandy loam soil. Inoculation increased the percentage of infected roots, shoot dry matter and nodule yield of both cvs. TVx 1836-44G and VITA-4. Whether seedlings were transplanted or seeds were directly sown, dry matter production and nodule yield of both cultivars were not significantly affected; transplanted VITA-4 had greater per cent root infection than plants from directly sown seed. Seed yield was not affected by method of planting. The results indicated that the initial advantage of transplanted plants was not important in determining yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 95-106 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acid soil ; Antibiotic resistance ; Competition ; Rhizobium ; Soybean ; Symbiotic nitrogen fixation ; Tropical Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of inoculating soybean cvs. TGm294-4 and TGm80 in an acid soil (pH 4.6, water) was studied in a field trial in Nigeria.Rhizobium japonicum strains CB1809str r and 46spc r which had been selected for symbiotic competence in the acid soil were used as inocula. Other treatments included no inoculation, combined nitrogen (150 kg N ha−1) and lime (1 t ha−1). Plants grown in acid soil without inoculation and lime had very few nodules, were nitrogen deficient and grain yields were poor (0.3–0.4 t ha−1). Yield responses to combined nitrogen were generally small due to fertilizer loss through leaching. Inoculation greatly increased nodulation, shoot dry matter and shoot N%; grain yields were between 1.6 and 2.0 t ha−1. Lime improved all harvest measurements in the uninoculated and nitrogen treatments but not in the inoculated treatments. In a duplicate trial without lime on near-neutral soil, similar inoculation responses were obtained at 6 weeks. However, at final harvest there were no significant differences in grain yield between treatments due to late, effective nodulation by unidentified strains in the uninoculated treatments. Assays for strain identity confirmed the successful establishment of the inocula in both soils, with 100% of nodules from inoculated plants containing an introduced strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Inoculation ; Nigerian soils ; Rock phosphate ; VA-Mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects on cowpea of inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi and rock phosphate (RP) fertilization were studied in pots using Alagba and Araromi series soils and in the field on Alagba, Apomu and Egbeda series soils. Inoculation of the plants with VA-mycorrhizal fungi caused very rapid infection of the roots. A higher per cent mycorrhizal infection was maintained during subsequent plant growth in the field. RP application reduced the degree of infection without affecting plant growth in the field and in pot experiments. Nodulation, nitrogen fixation and utilization of RP were increased by inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in the pot experiments but not in the field experiments. In the pot experiments, inoculated plants supplied with RP flowered earlier, and took up more phosphorus than either inoculated plants without RP or uninoculated plants. The largest response to inoculation in terms of shoot dry matter, nodule yield and nitrogen content of shoots was obtained in Alagba soil under both pot and field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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