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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 80 (1984), S. 191-199 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum ; K+ channel ; ion selectivity ; decamethonium block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Rabbit cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was isolated and separated into ryanodine-sensitive and-insensitive fractions (L.R. Jones and S.E. Cala,J. Biol. Chem. 256:11809–11818, 1981). Vesicles of cardiac SR were incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayers by fusion and the channel activity of the membrane studied under voltage-clamp conditions (C. Miller,J. Membrane Biol. 40: 1–23, 1978). Both fractions contain a monovalent cation-selective three-state channel. In the presence of 75mm K2SO4, the fully open state (β) conductance of this channel is 157.2±30 pS and the sub-state (α) conductance is 100.7±21 pS. Both open states display the same selectivity sequence for monovalent cations, i.e. K+〉NH 4 + 〉Rb+〉Na+〉Li+ and may be blocked by the skeletal muscle relaxants decamethonium and hexamethonium. Block occurs when the compounds are added to either side of the membrane. The properties of the cardiac SR cation channel are compared with those of the previously reported monovalent cation-selective channels of mammalian and amphibian skeletal muscle SR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: platelet surface membrane ; lipid bilayer ; anion channel ; ion selectivity ; block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the basic properties of a predominantly anion-selective channel derived from highly purified human platelet surface membrane. Single channels have been reconstituted into planar phospholipid bilayers by fusion of membrane vesicles and recorded under voltage-clamp conditions. The channel is found to have the following properties: (i) Channel activity occurs in bursts of openings separated by long closed periods. (ii) The current-voltage relationship is nonlinear. Channel current is seen to rectify, with less current flowing at positive than at negative voltages. Rectification may be due to asymmetric block by HEPES/Tris buffers. In 450mm KCl, 5mm HEPES/Tris, pH 7.2 the single channel conductance at −40 mV is ∼160 pS and at +40 mV is ∼90 pS. (iii) The conductanceconcentration relationship follows a simple saturation curve. Half maximal conductance is achieved at a concentration of ∼1000mm KCl, and the curve saturates at a conductance of ∼500 pS. (iv) Reversal potentials interpreted in terms of the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation indicate a Cl∶K permeability ratio of 4∶1. (v) The channel accepts all of the halides as well as a number of other anions. The following sequence of relative anion permeabilities (in the presence of K+) is obtained: F−〈acetate−〈gluconate−〈Cl−〈Br−〈I−〈NO 3 − 〈SCN−. (vi) Cations as large as TEA+ are permeant. (vii) Current through the channel is blocked in the presence of DIDS, SITS and ATP, but not by Zn2+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 119-139 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: litter clearance and accumulation ; riverine litter ; time of travel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Aspects of litter movement were looked at in a variety of ways. River bank clearances provided valuable information on litter accumulation and movement, showing a distinctive correlation between flood events and litter movement. Introduction of litter outside of channel deposition (diffuse sources) were limited in the study area in South Wales, UK. A rise in litter deposition occurred for some time after flood events, with the main accumulation occurring in the mid-bank zone. As only some litter types have an increased input during flood events e.g. sewage-derived material from combined sewer outfalls (CSO), accumulation of other litter types, e.g. plastic sheeting could be due to their distribution throughout the catchment. A positive correlation between litter stranding and vegetation was found. During high flows, (75.59 cumecs) litter is removed from sites with little restraining vegetation and deposited where stranding potential is high. Smaller items such as feminine hygiene products were more susceptible to stranding than larger plastic sheeting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 119-139 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: litter clearance and accumulation ; riverine litter ; time of travel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Aspects of litter movement were looked at in a variety of ways. River bank clearances provided valuable information on litter accumulation and movement, showing a distinctive correlation between flood events and litter movement. Introduction of litter outside of channel deposition (diffuse sources) were limited in the study area in South Wales, UK. A rise in litter deposition occurred for some time after flood events, with the main accumulation occurring in the mid-bank zone. As only some litter types have an increased input during flood events e.g. sewage-derived material from combined sewer outfalls (CSO), accumulation of other litter types, e.g. plastic sheeting could be due to their distribution throughout the catchment. A positive correlation between litter stranding and vegetation was found. During high flows, (75.59 cumecs) litter is removed from sites with little restraining vegetation and deposited where stranding potential is high. Smaller items such as feminine hygiene products were more susceptible to stranding than larger plastic sheeting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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