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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of micron-sized monodispersed core/shell polymethyl methacrylate/polystyrene particles by seeded dispersion polymerization (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 797-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Composite polymer particles ; core/shell ; seeded dispersion polymerization ; morphology ; monodisperse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Micron-sized monodispersed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polystyrene (PS) (PMMA/PS=2/1, wt ratio) composite particles consisting of PMMA-core and PS-shell were successfully produced by seeded dispersion polymerization of styrene in a methanol/water medium in the presence of about 2 μm-sized monodispersed PMMA particles. From the view point of thermodynamic equilibrium, such a morphology is difficult to form by usual seeded polymerization in a polar medium such as water. It is concluded that seeded dispersion polymerization in which almost all monomers and initiators exist in the medium has an advantage to produce core/shell polymer particles in which polymer layers accumulate in their order of the production regardless of the hydrophobicity of polymers, because of high viscosity in polymerizing particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050150
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of micron-sized monodispersed composite polymer particles by seeded polymerization utilizing the dynamic swelling method (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 288-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic swelling method ; micron size ; monodisperse ; composite ; seeded polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  In order to develop the seeded polymerization technique utilizing the dynamic swelling method (DSM) proposed by authors for the production of micron-sized mono-dispersed “composite” polymer particles consisting of two kinds of polymers, the seeded polymerization for the dispersion of ethyl methacry-late (EMA)-swollen PS particles prepared utilizing DSM was carried out. Monodispersed PS/poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) composite particles having 7 μm in diameter were produced by the addition of NaCl to lower the solubility of EMA in medium and by the addition of CuCl2 as a water-soluble inhibitor to depress the by-production of submicron-sized PEMA particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050083
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of micron-sized monodispersed highly monomer- “adsorbed” polymer particles having snow-man shape by utilizing the dynamic swelling method with tightly cross- linked seed particles (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 887-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic swelling method ; cross-linked polymer particles ; monomer adsorption ; micron-size ; monodisperse ; snow-man shape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Micron-sized, monodispersed highly styrene-“adsorbed” particles having snow-man shape were prepared by the dynamic swelling method (DSM) with tightly cross-linked polymer seed particles as follows. First, 3.8 μm-sized monodispersed polystyrene (PS)/ poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) (PS/PDVB = 1/10 wt. ratio) composite particles produced by seeded polymerization utilizing DSM were dispersed in an ethanol/water (6/4, w/w) solution dissolving styrene monomer, and poly(vinyl alcohol) as a stabilizer. Second, water was subsequently added to the dispersion with a micro-feeder at a rate of 2.88 ml/h at room temperature. The cross-linked seed particles adsorbed a large amount of styrene onto the surfaces and resulted in mono-dispersed highly styrene-“adsorbed” snow-man shape particles having about 10 μm in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050325
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a photosensitive polyimide containing a diazo group and its photocrosslinking reactions via a long-lived active intermediate (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 46 (1995), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel intrinsic photosensitive polyimide containing a diazo group in the main chain was prepared, and the quantum yield for the photocrosslinking reaction was determined to be 0.13 under air at room temperature by GPC measurement. The quantum yield for the photo-decomposition reaction of the diazo group was also determined to be 0.06. These values are higher by about two orders of magnitude than those for the photocrosslinking reaction of a benzophenone-containing polyimide, which is prepared from benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and methylene bis(2-ethylaniline) (DEDPM). The reaction was found to proceed via its singlet excited state to give a long-lived active intermediate, a carbene, which plays a great role in the increase in the photoreactivity. Characteristics of the photoreaction and the fluorescence behavior of a series of imide-substituted diphenyldiazomethanes were also investigated, showing that the reactivity of the diazo groups is not affected by the existence of charge transfer structures of the imide groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1995.010460601
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of micron-sized monodispersed polymer particles by seeded polymerization for the dispersion of highly monomer-swollen particles prepared with submicron-sized polymer seed particles utilizing the dynamic swelling method (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2513-2519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: dynamic swelling method ; particle ; monodisperse ; micron-size ; seeded polymerization ; emulsion polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the purpose of extending the size range of polymer seed particles used in “dynamic swelling method” (DSM), first it was verified theoretically that the submicron-sized polymer particles produced by emulsion polymerization can also absorb a large amount of monomer by DSM in both equilibrium and kinetic control states. Next, on the basis of the theoretical results, experimentally about 2.6 μm-sized styrene-swollen polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared utilizing DSM in the presence of 0.64 μm-sized monodispersed PS seed particles produced by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. Moreover, 2.5 μm-sized monodispersed PS particles were produced by the addition of cupric chloride as a water-soluble inhibitor to depress the by-production of submicron-sized PS particles in the seeded polymerization at 30°C with 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) initiator. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2513-2519, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of high swelling of polymer particles with a large amount of monomer utilizing the dynamic swelling method (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1025-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recently, we suggested a novel swelling method to make polymer seed particles absorb a large amount of monomer prior to the seeded polymerization for preparing monodispersed polymer particles having diameter above 5μm, which we named the “dynamic swelling method.” This article discusses the thermodynamic background of this method, both theo-retically and experimentally. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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