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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the dw gene on the muscle protein turnover rate in chickens (1987)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: protein turnover ; dwarf ; methylhistidine ; muscle protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fractional rates (%/day) of muscle protein synthesis and degradation of the genotypes Dw/Dw and dw/dw of male White Plymouth Rock chickens were determined by measuring the output of Nτ-methylhistidine (Nτ-MH) in the excreta at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age. The fractional growth rate of dw/dw was significantly lower (P〈0.05) than that of Dw/Dw at 2 weeks of age but not at 4 and 8 weeks of age. No significant differences in the degradation rate (K d; %/day) were found at any age. A significant difference (P〈0.05) between genotypes in the rate of synthesis (K s; %/day) was found at 2 weeks of age (Dw/Dw=11.8, dw/dw=9.9) but not at 4 and 8 weeks of age. These results suggest that the dw gene has a depressing effect on the synthesis rate of muscle protein, and the difference between genotypes in the growth rate at the early stage is a reflection of this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic studies on the muscle protein turnover rate of coturnix quail (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: muscle protein ; Nτ-methylhistidine ; coturnix quail ; turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The validation of the urinary excretion of Nτ-methylhistidine (Nτ-MH) by quail as an index of the muscle protein turnover rate was tested using the criterion of the rate of recovery of radioactivity in urine following an intraperitoneal dose of l-[3-14C]methylhistidine. A genetic study on muscle protein turnover in quail was conducted using three genetically diverse lines (LL, large body size; SS, small body size; RR, random-bred control line) selected for body size. When l-[3-14C]methylhistidine was administered to 20-week-old male and female coturnix quail by direct intraperitoneal injection, approximately 90% of the l-[3-14C]methylhistidine was recovered by 96 hr postinjection. Recoveries were low in the egg and muscle. These results show that Nτ-MH released from myofibrillar protein is not reutilized and the excretion of Nτ-MH is a satisfactory index of muscle protein breakdown. In all lines, the amount of urinary Nτ-MH excretion and fractional synthesis (Ks) and degradation (Kd) rates at the high growing period were higher than those at the low growing period. The Ks and Kd are significantly different among selected lines at both 3 and 6 weeks of age. At 3 weeks of age, the fractional rate of synthesis of the LL line (13.2%/day) was higher than that of the RR line (11.5%/day), whereas the SS (8.1%/day) was lower than that of the RR line (11.5%/day). The fractional rates of degradation of both the LL line (4.1%/day) and the SS line (5.6%/day) were lower than that of the RR line (7.0%/day) at 3 weeks of age. From these results, it was recognized that selection for body size gave rise to the changes in the muscle protein turnover rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502789
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation among chicken stocks in the fractional rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 687-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: muscle protein ; protein turnover ; protein synthesis and degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fractional rates (% · day−1) of synthesis and degradation were determined by measuring the output of Nτ-methylhistidine (MeHis) in the excreta at 4 and 8 weeks of age in the chicken. At 4 weeks of age, the fractional rate of synthesis of the meat-type stock was twice that of the egg-type stock (White Leghorn), but the fractional rates of synthesis at 8 weeks of age were similar (4.1–5.1% · day−1) among stocks. The fractional rate of degradation (1.3–1.5% · day−1) of the meat-type stock at 8 weeks of age was less than half the rate of the egg-type stock (2.9% · day−1). The fractional rates of synthesis and degradation at 4 weeks of age in the Satsuma native fowl were relatively high compared with those in the other stocks. In particular, the rate of degradation (8.6% · day−1) at 4 weeks of age was approximately twice that of other stocks. These results show that fractional rates of synthesis and degradation of muscle protein in the chicken differ among genetically diverse groups. The effect of changes in rates of synthesis and degradation on the change in fractional growth rate also differed. From regression coefficients (bK s · FGR and bK d · FGR) of these rates in skeletal muscle protein on the fractional growth rate, it was recognized that the change in growth rate accompanies the changes in both synthesis and degradation in White Leghorn and commercial broilers but only the change in synthesis in White Plymouth Rock (dw) and Satsuma native fowl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00485853
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of cytoplasmic pH in the production of ethylene, a potent inducer of sexual development inDictyostelium mucoroides (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 160 (1991), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Dictyostelium mucoroides ; Cellular slime mold ; Cytoplasmic pH ; Ethylene ; Cyclic AMP ; Sexual development ; Macrocyst ; Sorocarp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Dictyostelium mucoroides-7 (Dm 7) and a mutant MF 1 derived from it exhibit two developmental pathways: sorocarp formation occurs during the asexual process, and macrocyst formation during the sexual cycle. The two developmental pathways are mainly regulated by two chemical substances: 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and ethylene. Recently, we have demonstrated that cytoplasmic pH (pHi) has a critical role for the choice of developmental pathways, higher pHi being favourable to macrocyst formation. Thereupon, attention was riveted to the relation of pHi to biosynthesis of cAMP and ethylene. Effect of pHi on the production and release of ethylene, a potent inducer of macrocyst formation, was examined, using the two facing culture method. The result showed that lowered pHi inhibits ethylene production, thus resulting in a failure of cells to form macrocysts. The accumulation of cAMP, an inhibitor of macrocyst formation, was found to vary depending on extracellular pH (pHo), but diethylstilbestrol (DES) that is a proton pump inhibitor and also an inhibitor of macrocyst formation had no significant effect on the accumulation. Taken together these results indicate that higher pHi may induce macrocyst formation through enhancement of ethylene production rather than inhibition of cAMP synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ethylene action in the development of cellular slime molds: an analogy to higher plants (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 167 (1992), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Dictyostelium mucoroides ; Ethylene ; Sexual development ; Macrocyst ; Sorocarp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cellular slime moldDictyostelium mucoroides-7 (Dm 7) and its mutant (MF 1) exhibit sexual or asexual development depending upon culture conditions. During the sexual cycle macrocyst formation occurs, whereas sorocarps containing spores and stalk cells are asexually formed. As previously reported, the macrocyst formation is marked by the emergence of true zygotes, and is induced by a potent plant hormone, ethylene. The concentration of ethylene required for macrocyst induction was determined to establish the similarity of ethylene action between this organism and higher plants. Macrocysts are induced by low (1 μl/l) exogenous concentrations of ethylene. Higher concentrations (10–1,000 ul/l) also gave essentially the same inductive activity. Ethionine, an analogue of methionine, was found to inhibit zygote formation during sexual development through its interference with ethylene production by Dm 7 and MF 1 cells. In fact, the inhibitory effect of ethionine was mostly nullified by the application of ethylene, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Taken together these results suggest that both the effective concentration of ethylene and the pathway of ethylene biosynthesis inD. mucoroides may be similar to those in higher plants. Ethylene was also found to be produced in various species and strains of cellular slime molds, even during the asexual process. The possible functions of ethylene in the asexual development are discussed in relation to cell aggregation and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403379
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