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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gypsum on the uptake, assimilation and cycling of 15N-labelled ammonium and nitrate-N by perennial ryegrass (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 19-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonium ; calcium ; carboxylate/organic nitrogen ratio ; 15N isotope ; nitrate ; nitrogen cycling ; perennial ryegrass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Solution culture studies have shown that plant uptake of NH4 + and NO3 - can be improved by increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the root environment: the same may be true for grass grown in soil culture. An experiment was set up to see whether gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) increased the rate at which perennial ryegrass absorbed 15NH4 + and 15NO3 - from soil. The results demonstrated that gypsum increases the rates of uptake of both NH4 + and NO3 - by perennial ryegrass. However because there was little potential for mineral-N loss from the experimental system, either by gaseous emission or by N immobilization, long term improvements in fertilizer efficiency were not observed. Nitrogen cycling from shoots to roots commenced once net uptake of N into plants had ceased. Labelled N transferred thus to roots underwent isotopic exchange with unlabelled soil N. It was suggested that this exchange of N might constitute an energy drain from the plant, if plant organic N was exchanged for soil inorganic N. The fact that the exchange occurred at all cast doubt on the suitability of the 15N-isotope dilution technique for assessing fertilizer efficiency in medium to long term experiments. There was evidence that the ‘extra’ NO3 --N taken up by plants on the all-nitrate treatments as a result of gypsum application, was reduced in root tissue rather than in shoots, but to the detriment of subsequent root growth and N uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009125
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A re-examination of phosphorus-lime interactions in perennial ryegrass (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 135 (1991), S. 185-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; critical phosphorus concentration ; gypsum ; lime ; perennial ryegrass ; root membranes ; soluble carbohydrate ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The results of a previous study had suggested that under conditions of limited P availability, Ca may be able to compensate for P in the shoot tissue of perennial ryegrass. To verify this preliminary finding, a factorial experiment was set up which simultaneously tested the effects of Ca and P fertilization on the yield and chemical composition of perennial ryegrass. Calcium was supplied as either lime or gypsum in order to differentiate between the effects of Ca and pH on the response of perennial ryegrass to P fertilization. In the final stage of the experiment a Zn treatment was included, to see whether altering the P/Zn ratios of plant shoots had any influence on the purported interaction between Ca and P. The results demonstrated that the P-sparing effect of lime occurs, at least partly, because Ca application improves the efficiency of absorbed P for DM production. However, it was reasonably clear that the site of the interaction between Ca and P was the soil-root interface, and not shoot tissue. It was suggested that under conditions of limited P supply, Ca stablizes root membranes and thereby minimizes both the efflux losses of nutrients from root tissue, and the compensatory flow of photosynthates from shoots to roots. No interaction was observed between P and Zn treatments in this study. Instead, a positive interaction was found between lime and Zn treatments, which suggests that the stabilizing action of Ca on root membranes requires Zn as a co-stabilizing factor. It is proposed that chemical analysis of shoot tissue alone may not be sufficient to accurately diagnose the P, Ca or Zn status of whole plants, since the critical levels of these elements in shoots appear to bear little relation to their requirements in the rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010906
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) for diagnosing the nutrient status of grassland swards: III Practical applications (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 222 (2000), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: basaltic soils ; DRIS ; perennial ryegrass ; phosphorus recommendations ; soil P test ; soil type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Perennial ryegrass is the most important species of forage grass in both continental Europe and the British Isles. An investigation was carried out to see if the DRIS model developed for this species was able to diagnose crop nutrient sufficiency status, at harvest time, using data for herbage samples collected 2 weeks earlier. A re-evaluation of P fertiliser recommendations for silage, based on the ‘Olsen’ soil P-test, was then carried out using DRIS diagnoses of P sufficiency status as the criteria with which to judge if swards had been adequately, under, or over-supplied with fertiliser P. The results confirmed that reliable (DRIS) diagnoses of N, P, K and S sufficiency statuses of silage swards may be made from herbage clippings taken 2 weeks prior to harvest. Current P recommendations for silage swards proved to be excessive for non-basaltic sandy textured soils at first cut, correct for this group of soils at second cut, and more or less correct for non-basaltic clay textured soils at both cuts. For basaltic soils, however, P recommendations at both cuts appeared to be unrelated to plant P status, and it was concluded that the ‘Olsen’ soil P-test had provided an erroneous assessment of plant available P in these exceptionally iron-rich soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004827206618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the avocado pest,Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sabulodes caberata guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 2107-2116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sabulodes caberata Guenée ; Sabulodes aegrotata Guenée ; omnivorous looper ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene ; (Z)-9-nonadecenekw] ; n-nonadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A 6,9-nonadecadiene, (Z)-9-nonadecene, andn-nonadecane were identified in extracts of sex pheromone glands of femaleSabulodes caberata Guenée. Potential pheromonal activity of gland components was assessed by electroantennogram measurements of gas-chromatographic fractions of abdominal tip extracts. Chemical identification was based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of parent compounds, hydrogenation products, ozonolysis products, dimethyl disulfide adducts, and synthesis. The monoene was synthesized via coupling of alkyl and acetylenic intermediates. (Z,Z)-6,9-Nonadecadiene (Z6,Z9-19∶H) was synthesized from methyl linoleate via chain lengthening. SyntheticZ6,Z9-19∶H had the same retention times on polar and nonpolar capillary gas-chromatographic columns as the 6,9-nonadecadiene from the sex pheromone glands. In field testsZ6,Z9-19:H alone produced trap catch of maleS. caberata and addition of (Z)-9-nonadecene orn-nonadecane had no effect on trap catch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Western avocado leafroller,Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1239-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Amorbia cuneana ; Amorbia essigana ; sex pheromone ; sex pheromone component ratios ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)-10,12-tetra-decadien-1-ol acetate ; (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The most effective lure for maleAmorbia cuneana (Walsingham) in Orange, Ventura, and Riverside counties of California was previously found to be a 1∶1 ratio of (E,E)-10,12- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. In subsequent field tests in San Diego and Santa Barbara counties, this lure was ineffective. Analysis of sex pheromone glands (SPG) of femaleA. cuneana from these two counties showed theEE:EZ ratio to be about 1∶9 and synthetic lures of this composition were highly attractive in these areas. Analysis of the SPG of a number of females from both areas showed that there were three population types: two in the low ratio areas possessed 37 and 58%EZ, and the third in the high ratio areas possessed 89%EZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012344
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical Models for Predicting the Dry Matter Yield of Grass Silage Swards Using Plant Tissue Analyses (2000)
    Springer
    Precision agriculture 2 (2000), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1618
    Keywords: empirical models ; perennial ryegrass ; silage swards ; tissue analyses ; yield mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Quantifying spatial variability in forage grass yield within individual fields is hampered by the lack of accurate yield monitoring equipment. Here, it is shown how dry matter (DM) yield of silage swards can be predicted on the basis of their mineral composition. This empirical method of predicting yield enables diagnoses of sward nutrient status to be made simultaneously from the tissue test information, and provides a unique opportunity for identifying the nutritional and non-nutritional factors responsible for variability in sward productivity at sub-field scales. Maps of sward DM yield at first, second and third cut silage stages in 1999, and at first cut silage stage in 2000, on a large (7.9 ha) grassland field were produced using two different yield models: one model for first cut and a separate model for second and third cuts. The maps indicated that DM production varied considerably across the field, particularly at first cut, but that the pattern of yield variability at this cut was consistent from 1999 to 2000. The results of the plant tissue tests suggested that N deficiency had been responsible for limiting DM production on the lower yielding parts of the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011421613409
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