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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to a mammalian pheromone and its geometric isomer (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; geometric isomers ; (E) and (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid lactone ; mammals ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; olfactory discrimination ; pheromones ; stereoisomers ; tarsal scent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) discriminate between the geometric isomers of a lactone used as a pheromone by the species. They react strongly to (Z)-4-hydroxy-6-dodeceonic acid lactone, which occurs in their tarsal scent, but the response to theE isomer did not differ from the response to the solvent. The isomers were applied to one member of a group of freely interacting deer, and the sniffing, licking, and following responses were recorded. The synthesis of the geometric isomers of the lactone is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988284
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The caudal gland in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.): Its behavioral role, histology, and chemistry (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: caudal gland ; cervids ; deer ; mammals ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus ; reindeer ; scent communication ; scent gland ; skin gland ; tail gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavior observations in European reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) showed a high frequency of sniffing the tails of conspecifics. A caudal gland was found, and it is the largest skin gland inRangifer. Behavioral contexts of tail sniffing, the histology of the gland, and some aspects of the composition of the volatiles in the gland's secretion are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989079
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in Flehmen to constant urine stimuli (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 905-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; deer ; Flehmen ; mammals ; pheromones ; reproductive behavior ; urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male black-tailed deer were exposed to conspecific urine samples monthly for one year. The urine samples tested were from adult male, nonestrous female, estrous female, male fawn, and female fawn. The urine was offered with and without a wire screen cover; Flehmen occurred only when direct mouth and/or tongue contact with the urine was possible. The frequency of Flehmen varied seasonally, and urine from adults released more Flehmen than urine from fawns. But there was no difference in Flehmen frequency in response to urine from adult males or estrous or nonestrous females, when presented out of context, although in a natural situation males respond more to urinating females than males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990474
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social behavior and chemical communication in reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 483-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cervidae ; dominance order ; licking ; olfactory communication ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus tarandus ; reindeer ; scent glands ; sniffing ; social behavior ; tracking response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The social interactions of captive reindeer were observed for one year. The seasonal changes of agonistic behavior, the social rank order, social affinity during rest, social sniffing and licking, solitary sniffing and licking, hindleg-head contact, and other motor patterns involving head and antlers are described. Social sniffing and licking correlated more with sex than with social rank. Olfactory responses during encounters and tracking were investigated experimentally. Chemical communication is particularly important in sexual and maternal behavior and during encounters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987836
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of reindeer to interdigital secretions of conspecifics (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 325-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cervidae ; interdigital secretion ; olfactory communication ; pheromones ; Rangifer tarandus ; reindeer ; scent glands ; scent marking ; sniffing ; tracking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult captive European “forest” reindeer,Rangifer tarandus L., were exposed to hindfoot interdigital (ID) secretion placed on the ground. The animals were tested with blanks and interdigital secretion from themselves and male and female group members, and secretion from excised glands of male and female “mountain” reindeer. Responses to the stimuli consisted of sniffing, licking, and olfactory searching on the ground. With forest reindeer secretions, each sex responded more to its own ID secretion than to that of the opposite sex. Of the mountain reindeer samples, male ID secretion released stronger responses. The responses did not vary systematically from June to October. The functional significance of the ID secretion in free-ranging reindeer is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989341
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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