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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7)
  • Renal blood flow  (3)
  • reperfusion  (3)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Renal effects of furosemide in glycerol induced acute renal failure of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 365 (1976), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Renal failure ; Micropuncture ; Diuretics ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Effective filtration pressure ; Renal blood flow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The renal effects of furosemide in acute renal failure of the rat were studied using clearance and micropuncture techniques. Acute renal failure was induced by an intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg). Functional impairement of the glycerol treated animals consisted of a decrease in urinary sodium excretion, renal blood flow, total kidney GFR and effective filtration pressure of superficial nephrons. Effective filtration pressure was calculated from proximal free flow and stop flow pressure measurements. In contrast to control animals furosemide did not increase urine volume during acute renal failure due to a marked fall in GFR. Renal blood flow, as measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, also decreased after furosemide in glycerol treated rats and increased in control animals. Furosemide reduced effective filtration pressure during acute renal failure to almost zero, whereas in control animals effective filtration pressure virtually remained constant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583631
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Action of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin during the initial phase of glycerol-induced acute renal failure of the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 301 (1977), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Renal function ; Renal blood flow ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Urine volume ; Urinary sodium excretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin (1-sarcosine-8-alanine-5-isoleucine-angiotensin II) on renal function in healthy rats and in rats with myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure were studied. Acute renal failure was induced by an intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (10 ml ·kg−1). Functional impairment of the glycerol treated animals consisted in a decrease of renal blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter) and GFR and in an increase of urine volume and arterial blood pressure. In healthy rats saralasin (6 μg·kg−1·min−1 i.v.) had no renal effects by itself but antagonized the angiotensin II (200 ng·kg−1·min i.v.) induced fall of renal blood flow and GFR and the increase of arterial blood pressure. Given to glycerol treated animals saralasin did not induce any change of arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, GFR or the urinary excretion of fluid and sodium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501429
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of dopamine on whole kidney function and proximal transtubular volume fluxes in the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 296 (1977), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Renal transport ; Dopamine ; β-Adrenoreceptors ; Micropuncture ; Renal blood flow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The renal effects of dopamine were studied using clearance and micropuncture techniques in rats. Intravenous infusion of dopamine (4.7 · 10−6 mol · kg−1 · h−1) increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Renal blood flow was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. The increase in filtered fluid and sodium was nearly completely matched by increased tubular reabsorption. Thus, only a small rise in urine flow and in urinary sodium excretion was observed. The micropuncture experiments using the split oil droplet method of Gertz demonstrated a stimulation of the transepithelial fluid transfer after injection of dopamine (10−4M) into the proximal tubular lumen. This effect was abolished by simultaneous injection of propranolol (10−3 M) which, by its own, did not affect transtubular volume fluxes. It is concluded that dopamine, by stimulation of β-adrenoceptors, may increase reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubular epithelium independent of changes in renal hemodynamics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498695
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temporal and spatial development of infarcts in porcine hearts (1984)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 79 (1984), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Schlagwort(e): myocardium ; ischemia ; infarction ; reperfusion ; pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We investigated the temporal and spatial development of infarcts in porcine hearts to evaluate the time-dependent beneficial effect of reperfusion on infarct size. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded in 17 pigs for different periods of time followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. Transmural needle biopsies subdivided into subendocardial and subepicardial halves were taken from the ischemic apex after 60 min of ischemia to determine the tissue concentrations of ATP and NAD. The myocardium-at-risk was assessed with a fluorescent dye injected into the right atrium at the end of the experiments, just after the LAD had been reoccluded. The excised hearts were cut into slices parallel to the heart basis. The ischemic myocardium was measured by planimetry of the nonfluorescent areas whereas the infarcted tissue was determined with the NBT stain and related to the area-at-risk. Ischemic cell death started in the jeopardized left ventricular subendocardial septum after about 30 min of ischemia. The further progress involved the right subendocardial septum and the subendocardium of the left anterior free wall. Already after 75 min of ischemia most of the myocytes-at-risk were irreversibly injured. Infarctions reached their final extent after 90–120 min of ischemia. These results indicate that in hearts without a significant collateral blood flow reperfusion can only reduce infarct size if its initiated within 60–75 min of ischemia. Like in canine hearts infarctions progress from the ischemic subendocardium towards the outer layers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01908144
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracoronary hyperosmotic mannitol during reperfusion does not affect infarct size in ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts (1985)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 80 (1985), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Schlagwort(e): mannitol ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; infarct size ; pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We investigated the effect of reperfusion with hyperosmotic mannitol on the infarct size in porcine hearts. The distal half of the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each of 21 anesthetized pigs for 75 min and was reperfused for 2 h. During reperfusion mannitol (1075 mosmol/kg) was intracoronarily infused at a dose of 0.5 ml/min in 6 pigs (“low” mannitol group), at a dose of 1.5 ml/min in another 6 pigs (“high” mannitol group), and at a dose of 5 ml/min in 3 pigs for the first 8 min of reperfusion (“very high” mannitol group). 6 pigs served as controls. Although mannitol infusion increased plasma osmolality in the ischemic, reperfused myocardium in all experiments, the infarct size expressed as the ratio of the infarcted tissue over the area at risk of necrosis was not significantly influenced. Infarct size amounted to 72±25% in the control group, to 75±14% in the “low” mannitol group, to 78±18% in the “high” mannitol group, and to 93±8% in the “very high” mannitol group. These results clearly indicate that reperfusion with hyperosmotic mannitol after 75 min of ischemia does not exert any beneficial effect on the infarct size.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907901
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acute treatment with vitamin E does not protect the regionally ischemic, reperfused porcine heart (1991)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 86 (1991), S. 32-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Schlagwort(e): ischemia ; reperfusion ; vitamin E ; infarct size ; regionalsystolic shortening
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thirty pigs were randomly assigned to a blind treatment with vitamin E or placebo. Ten animals each received 0.5g d-alpha tocopherol intravenously before ischemia (group 1) or before reperfusion (group 2). Ten control pigs were treated with a lipid emulsion as placebo. The left anterior descending coronary artery was distally ligated for 45 min followed by 3 days of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined as ratio of infarcted (tetrazolium stain) to ischemic myocardium (dye technique). Regional systolic shortening was assessed by sonomicrometry. Myocardial and plasma concentrations of vitamin E were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Global hemodynamic parameters and estimated left ventricular oxygen consumption did not differ among the three groups. Intravenous treatment with vitamin E raised the plasma levels of this vitamin from 1 ± 0.3 mg/l (control group) to 21 ± 6 mg/l before ischemia, to 4 ± 2 mg/l before reperfusion and to 2 ± 0.6 mg/l at the end of the experiments in group 1. In group 2, vitamin E plasma levels increased from 1 ± 0.3 mg/l to 24 ± 13 mg/l before reperfusion and to 2 ± 0.6 mg/l after 3 days of reperfusion. At the end of the experiments, myocardial vitamin E concentrations amounted to 4.2 ± 0.7 ng/mg fresh weight (control group), 9.7 ± 2.1 ng/mg (group 1), and to 8.7 ± 1.4 ng/mg (group 2). The increase in vitamin E plasma concentration was not associated with a cardioprotective effect. Infarct sizes of the three groups (group 1: 68 ± 12%, group 2: 66 ± 15%, control group: 69 ± 8%) were almost identical. Furthermore, recovery of systolic shortening was not improved by the acute vitamin E treatment. Mean systolic shortening of the reperfused segment amounted to 4% in the two treatment groups and 3% in the control group after 3 days of reperfusion. These results suggest that an acute increase in vitamin E plasma concentration before ischemia or during the early phase of reperfusion does not protect the ischemic, reperfused porcine heart.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193869
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Über die Umsetzung von Adipinsäurediamid mit Phosphorpentachlorid (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 396 (1973), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Reaction of Adipic Acid Diamide with Phosphorus PentachlorideThe reaction of adipamide (I) with phosphorus pentachloride in a solvent leads to (Cl3P=NCCl2CCl2CH2)2 (II). The stages of the reaction are: 1. chlorination of the keto and methylen groups 2. formation of the —N=PCl3 group.This result is a supplement of the existing conception about the course of the reaction of carboxylic acid amides with phosphorus pentachloride.The reaction of (I) with PCl5 without any solvent has been reproduced and the course of reaction has also been investigated. This reaction gives mainly NC(CH2)4CN.The resulting product of a careful hydrolysis of (II) is (Cl2OPN=CClCl2CH2)2. A total hydrolysis gives back (I).
    Notizen: Bei der Umsetzung von Adipinsäurediamid (I) mit Phosphorpentachlorid in einem Verdünnungsmittel bildet sich (Cl3P=NCCl2CCl2CH2)2 (II). Der Reaktionsablauf ist: 1. Chlorierung der Keto- und Methylengruppen und 2. Bildung der —N=PCl3-Gruppierung. Dieses Ergebnis ist eine Ergänzung der bisherigen Vorstellungen über den Reaktionsablauf bei der Umsetzung von Säureamiden mit Phosphorpentachlorid.Die Reaktion von (I) mit PCl5 ohne Lösungsmittel wurde nachgearbeitet und ebenfalls in ihrem Ablauf untersucht. Hierbei entsteht vornehmlich NC(CH2)4CN.Bei vorsichtiger Hydrolyse von (II) erhält man (Cl2OPN=CClCCl2CH2)2. Totalhydrolyse führt zur Rückbildung von (I).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19733960303
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Untersuchungen über Phosphazoverbindungen aus Anilinen mit PhosphorpentachloridFrau Professor Margot Becke-Goehring zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 406 (1974), S. 214-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Investigations on Phosphazo Compounds from Anilines with Phosphorus PentachlorideThe reaction of anilines with PCl5 gives the monomer compound ArNPCl3. This will dimerize in many cases to (ArNPCl3)2. There are no indications for the former postulated intermediate product ArNHPCl4. We can correlate the tendency to dimerize with the basicity of the anilines. This is confirmed by the measurements of the constants of basicity in acetonitrile.
    Notizen: Bei der Reaktion von Anilinen mit PCl5 entsteht die monomere Verbindung ArNPCl3. Diese dimerisiert in vielen Fällen zu (ArNPCl3)2. Für die früher postulierte Zwischenstufe ArNHPCl4 gibt es keine Hinweise. Die Neigung zur Dimerisation ist mit der Basizität der Aniline korrelierbar. Dies wird durch die Messung der Basenkonstanten in Acetonitril bestätigt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744060213
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ein neuer Beitrag zur Phosphazoreaktion (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 399 (1973), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A New Contribution to the Phosphazo ReactionThe reaction of acrylonitrile with phosphorus pentachloride gives ClCH2CCl2CCl2NPCl3 (I) and a hexachlorophosphate with the composition C3H2Cl14NP3 (II). For the first time the structure of (II) has been exactly determined by using 1H- and 31P-NMR-spectra. The course of reaction was studied in detail. 3-chloropropionitrile has been found as the product of a secondary reaction. The reaction of butyramide with PCl5 has also been investigated, and was found to be analogous.
    Notizen: Bei der Umsetzung von Acrylnitril mit PCl5 entsteht neben ClCH2CCl2CCl2NPCl3 (I) auch das Hexachlorophosphat mit der Zusammensetzung C3H2Cl14NP3 (II). Die Struktur von (II) konnte durch 1H- und 31P-NMR-Untersuchungen erstmals eindeutig bestimmt werden. Der gesamte Reaktionsablauf wurde untersucht. Infolge einer Sekundärreaktion entsteht u. a. 3-Chlorpropionitril. Die Umsetzung von Butyramid mit PCl5 wird ebenfalls beschrieben. Sie zeigt einen analogen Verlauf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19733990213
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strukturchemie titan-organischer Verbindungen: Die Struktur von [(π-C5H5)2 Ti(NO3)]2O (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 479 (1981), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Structural Chemistry of Organotitanium Compounds: Structure of [(π-C5H5)2Ti(NO3)]2OCareful hydrolysis of (π-C5H5)2Ti(NO3)2 in tetrahydrofuran yields crystals of [(π-C5H5)2Ti(NO3)]2O (A). Crystal data of A: monoclinic, space group P21/c; lattice constants: a = 12.656(4), b = 10.181(5), c = 16.197(3) Å, ß = 93.57(3)º, Z = 4. As an X-ray analysis shows, the NO3 groups act as monodentate ligands with Ti—O distances of 2.085 and 2.059 Å. The ligands are arranged in a nearly tetrahedral way around the Ti atoms. The bond angle at the bridging O atom is 171.8º.
    Notizen: Bei der vorsichtigen Hydrolyse von (π-C5H5)2Ti(NO3)2 in Tetrahydrofuran entsteht der Zweikernkomplex [(π-C5H5)2Ti(NO3)]2O (A) Kristalldaten von A: monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/c; Gitterkonstanten: a = 12,656(4), b = 10,181(5), c = 16,197(3) Å, ß = 93,57(3)º und Z = 4. Eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse ergibt, daß die Nitratgruppen als einzähnige Liganden mit Ti—O-Abständen von 2,085 und 2,059 Å fungieren. Die Ti-Atome weisen eine annähernd tetraedrische Koordination auf. Der Winkel am Brücken-O-Atom beträgt 171,8º.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19814790813
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