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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • thermal diffusivity  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suggestions regarding thermal diffusivity measurements on pyrolytic graphite and pyrolytic boron nitride by the laser pulse method (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 789-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: anisotropic materials ; pyrolytic graphite ; pyrolytic boron nitride ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laser pulse method can be successfully applied to the measurement of thermal diffusivity of isotropic materials subject to some assumptions. For anisotropic materials, this method is applicable to the measurement of principal thermal diffusivity only on the condition that there is no difference in direction between the principal axis and that of the temperature gradient. After analyzing the heat conduction process in an anisotropic solid, it has been shown that large errors in the measurement of thermal diffusivity would exist if the direction of the principal axis deviates inconspicuously from that of the temperature gradient. The experimental results of thermal diffusivity of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples with various deviation angles have been compared with the analytical results. The laser pulse method is not applicable to measurements on semitransparent pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN). We adopted a two-layer composite sample to measure the thermal diffusivity of PBN in the c direction and a particular graphite-PBN composite sample has been prepared which has a very low thermal resistance at the interface. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of PG (below 2300°C) and PBN (below 1000°C) are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503836
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thermal diffusivity by the flash method for a two-layer composite sample in the case of triangular pulse (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: composites ; copper ; flash method ; iron ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method for measuring thermal diffusivity in one of the layers of a two-layer composite sample has been described. The heat transfer problem of a two-layer sample associated with pulse thermal diffusivity measurements has been analyzed for two cases: exponential and square-wave pulses. According to our measurements, a triangular heat-pulse function approximates reasonably well the output of the Nd-glass laser. In this paper, an expression is derived for the temperature transient at the rear face of two-layer sample being subjected to a triangular heat-pulse input on the front face. The analytical solution of the problem forms the basis of our method of data reduction. This solution has been programmed for computer processing of the data. The method described here has been successfully tested by limited measurements on copper and iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503837
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Molten Salts with a Transient Short-Hot-Wire Method (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: molten carbonates ; molten nitrate ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; transient short-hot-wire technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A transient short-hot-wire technique has been successfully used to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of molten salts (NaNO3, Li2CO3/K2CO3, and Li2CO3/Na2CO3) which are highly corrosive. This method was developed from the hot-wire technique and is based on two-dimensional numerical solutions of unsteady heat conduction from a short wire with the same length-to-diameter ratio and boundary conditions as those used in the actual experiments. In the present study, the wires are coated with a pure Al2O3 thin film by using a sputtering apparatus. The length and radius of the hot wire and the resistance ratio of the lead terminals and the entire probe are calibrated using water and toluene with known thermophysical properties. Using such a calibrated probe, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of molten nitrate are measured within errors of 3 and 20%, respectively. Also, the thermal conductivity of the molten carbonates can be measured within an error of 5%, although the thermal diffusivity can be measured within an error of 50%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006604820755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging and dye diffusion in polysulfone below the glass transition temperature (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 569-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: physical aging ; tracer diffusion coefficient ; camphorquinone ; polysulfone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of physical aging on the tracer diffusion coefficient D of camphorquinone in polysulfone is investigated. It is shown that if the sample is sufficiently annealed and physical aging is nearly complete, the temperature dependence of D will reflect the primary α-relaxation process of the host polymer. In the temperature range between Tg (=185°C) and 165°C, D is found to be a function of time, and the time dependence of D is given by D = At-μ, with μ approximately equal to unity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structure of hydroxyl-terminated maleopimaric acid ester on thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1803-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of hydroxyl-terminated maleopimaric acid esters (HTMAEs) and rigid polyurethane (PU) foams based on these HTMAEs were synthesized using chemically modified natural gum rosin and its derivative maleopimaric acid as raw materials. Thermal stability of these polyols and their corresponding rigid PU foams was studied by a thermogravimetric method and a dimensional stability measurement. It was shown that the thermal stability of the final foams was strongly dependent on the structure of their corresponding polyols. The thermogravimetric analysis curves of these rosin-based rigid PU foams displayed two distinct regions of weight loss. It has been shown that at the initial stage of weight loss the process was dominated by polyol component degradation; the second stage was governed by isocyanate component degradation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581019
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the composition of rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams on their thermal stability (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1167-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams of different composition were synthesized directly from chemically modified gum rosin. The effect of the composition of these rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams on their thermal stability and compression strength was measured. It was shown that the onset temperature of weight loss and the dimensional stability at high temperature increased with increase of the molar ratio of NCO/OH. The TGA data further confirmed that the second stage weight loss in the two-stage weight loss process of these polyurethane foams was governed by thermal degradation of the isocyanate component. Although density had no significant influence on the TGA curves of the rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams, it had great influence on the dimensional stability at high temperature and compression strength of the foams. It has been shown that the inclusion of rosin in rigid polyurethane foams increases the strength and thermal stability compared with that of polyether-based ones. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution characterization of poly(isobornyl methacrylate) in tetrahydrofuran (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1951-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polymer solution ; light scattering ; poly(isobornyl methacrylate) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of dilute solutions of poly (isobornyl methacrylate) (PIMA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were characterized by using viscosity, static, and dynamic light scattering measurements. PIMA samples with different molecular weight were obtained by fractional precipitation of PIMA solution. Chain dimension parameters (Rg and RH), together with second virial coefficient A2 and intrinsic viscosity [η], were used to calculate various solution parameters characterizing polymer chains in polymer solutions. The experimental results are compared with calculation, indicating that PIMA behaves as a flexible coil in THF. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090321112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of N-(aminoalkyl) chitosan for microcapsules (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 353-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan was chemically modified by alkylation with N-(2-bromoethyl) phthalimide, N-(3-bromopropyl) phthalimide, and N-(4-bromobutyl) phthalimide. The resulting N-(phthalidimidoalkyl) chitosans were treated with hydrazine to remove the phthalidimido group resulting in the final N-(aminoalkyl) chitosan products. For comparison purposes, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was alkylated with N-(3-bromopropyl) phthalimide, then treated with hydrazine to give the N-(3-aminopropyl) PVA product. All alkylation products were characterized by solution 1H- and 13C-NMR and by solid-state CP-MAS 13C-NMR. The above synthetic polymer derivatives, as well as chitosan, polyallyl amine, and polyethylen-imine, were used to form membrane coatings around calcium alginate beads in which blue dextran of molecular weight 7.08×104 or 26.6×104 was entrapped. These microcapsules were prepared by extrusion of a solution of blue dextran in sodium alginate into a solution containing calcium chloride and the membrane polymer. Membrane integrity and permeability were assessed by measuring the elution of the blue dextran from the capsules, spectrophotometrically. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500216
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface studies of pristine and surface-modified polypyrrole films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 625-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypyrrole (PPY) films having high conductivity were synthesized electrochemically in acetonitrile at low temperature and low current density. Pristine, deprotonated, and ozone-pretreated PPY films were subjected to either thermally induced or near-UV-light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), or sodium salt of 4-styrenesulfonic acid (NaSS). Surface structures and redox states of the pristine, deprotonated, reprotonated, and surface-modified polypyrrole films were studied by angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of the PPY surface after modification by graft co-polymerization was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the density of surface grafting decreased with ozone pretreatment. Surface grafting of the two polymeric acids also gave rise to a self-protonated surface structure. A substantial proportion of the grafted protonic acid groups at the surface remained free for further surface functionalization. The surface characteristics, in particular the charge-transfer interactions and the changes in the intrinsic redox states of the substrate films, associated with the external protonation and surface self-protonation processes were also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(butylene terephthalate)-polyarylate blends (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Polymer blends ; Crystallization ; Relaxation behavior ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper we focus on miscible blends of two engineering polymers: poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a polyarylate (PAr). The issue of transesterification in these blends will be addressed, followed by a discussion of the crystallization kinetics of PBT, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and several PBT/PAr blends. The ability to estimate polymer-polymer interaction parameters in blends from melting point depression will also be discussed. The amorphous phase behavior of the PBT/PAr blends has been explored primarily using dielectric spectroscopy. For blends in which PBT has crystallized, we observe two relaxations associated with Tg-like motion, and this behavior is interpreted in light of our recent work on order-disorder interphases in crystalline blends.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1994.220050606
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