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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cancer-related pain in palliative care: patients’ perceptions of pain management (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background.  Pain is still a significant problem for many patients with cancer, despite numerous, clear and concise guidelines for the treatment of cancer-related pain. The impact of pain cognition on patients’ experiences of cancer-related pain remains relatively unexplored.Aim.  The aim of this study was to describe how patients with cancer-related pain in palliative care perceive the management of their pain.Method.  Thirty patients were strategically selected for interviews with open-ended questions, designed to explore the pain and pain management related to their cancer. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.Findings.  Patients described 10 different perceptions of pain and pain management summarized in the three categories: communication, planning and trust. In terms of communication, patients expressed a need for an open and honest dialogue with health care professionals about all problems concerning pain. Patients expressed an urgent need for planning of their pain treatment including all caring activities around them. When they felt trust in the health care organization as a whole, and in nurses and physicians in particular, they described improved ability and willingness to participate in pain management. While the findings are limited to patients in palliative care, questions are raised about others with cancer-related pain without access to a palliative care team.Conclusion.  The opportunity for patients to discuss pain and its treatment seems to have occurred late in the course of disease, mostly not until coming in contact with a palliative care team. They expressed a wish to be pain-free, or attain as much pain relief as possible, with as few side effects as possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02924.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tobacco smoking and periodontal hemorrhagic responsiveness (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective: The influence of smoking on the periodontal hemorrhagic responsiveness was investigated in 2 different populations, one exclusively consisting of patients with established periodontal disease, the other of dental hospital admissions in general.Material and Methods: The hemorrhagic responsiveness of the patient was clinically found from “bleeding on gentle probing” expressed as the relative frequency of bleeding sites (%). In the periodontal patient population, gingival bleeding was assessed by 1 examiner with known probing force, whereas in the dental hospital admissions population assessments were done by a great number of non-calibrated examiners with unknown probing force.Results: Smokers exhibited a significantly lower hemorrhagic responsiveness than non-smokers. This held principally true for both populations but the effect was much more clearly detectable in periodontal patients than in dental hospital patients in general. A dose-reponse effect was typically evident in the periodontal patient population. Accounting for the periodontal disease severity, however, the effect of smoking became clearly detectable also in the general patient population.Conclusion: Tobacco smoking is associated with a clinically suppressed hemorrhagic responsiveness of the periodontium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028007680.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Smoking and subgingival microflora in periodontal disease (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to analyze the influence of smoking on the periodontal disease associated subgingival microflora. The population included 33 smokers and 31 non-smokers in the age range 36–86 years.Methods: Microbial samples were obtained from 4 sites per patient. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technology was used for detection of the bacterial species P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, B. forsythus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, T. denticola, P. micros, C. rectus, E. corrodens, S. noxia and S. intermedius.Results: Using score 1 as cutoff, contrasting colonized versus non-colonized patients, 8 out of 12 species were detected in 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE280303:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉90% of both smokers and non-smokers. Using score 4 as cutoff, contrasting heavily colonized patients versus non-colonized and less heavily colonized patients, the detection rates decreased in both smokers and non-smokers. No significant differences in detection rates were observed between smokers and non-smokers. Logistic regression analysis indicated that neither smoking, probing depth nor gingival bleeding influenced the occurrence of the species analyzed. The lack of a smoking exposure dose-response further supported the indication of a limited influence of smoking.Conclusion: Smoking exerts little, if any, influence on the subgingival occurrence of several of the bacteria most commonly associated with periodontal disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028003212.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Smoking and GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-1ra in periodontal disease (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aims: GCF levels of the cytokine IL-1β and its receptor antagonist IL-1ra were analyzed with respect to smoking in patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease. The study population included 22 smokers and 18 non-smokers in the age range 32–86 years. Concomitantly, the GCF levels of IgA, IgG, albumin and total protein were analyzed.Method: Samples of GCF were obtained from 2 diseased sites in each patient by means of an aspiration method. IL-1β, IL-1ra, IgA and IgG were determined with immunoelectrophoresis. Total protein was determined by the BCA method.Results: The clinical characteristics in terms of probing depth and frequency of diseased sites and supragingival plaque did not differ between smokers and non-smokers. Gingival bleeding, however, was significantly depressed in smokers. IL-1β was detected in GCF of 95% of both smokers and non-smokers and IL-1ra in all patients. The GCF level of IL-1ra was approximately 1000-fold that of IL-1β. The GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-1ra were high in comparison with those of TNF-α and IL-6 determined by the same method in our earlier studies.Conclusion: Our observations did not reveal any influence of smoking on the levels of IL-1β and IL-1ra in GCF.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027004250.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved Angiographic Measurement Accuracy with a New Calibration System (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 13 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: During transcatheter interventions, correct distance measurements are mandatory for proper device selection. We present a new calibration procedure in which distance calibration is performed with a high contrast metallic rod placed in the esophagus as a scaling device. Distortion related to differences in Calibration and object planes as well as axial angles were analyzed and appropriate correction factors calculated. A cardiac phantom served to test the accuracy and precision of the new measuring system. The mean measurement error was 〈 1.7% (range 0.1%–4.9%), and the mean measurement variability 1% (range 0.3%–1.9%). The accuracy of angiographic measurements can be significantly improved using a calibration device in the esophagus in combination with appropiate mathematical corrections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2000.tb00287.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sustainability in changing clinical practice promotes evidence-based nursing care (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: wallin l., boström a.-m., wikblad k. &ewald u. (2003) Journal of Advanced Nursing 41(5), 509–518
Sustainability in changing clinical practice promotes evidence-based nursing care Aim. To examine the relationship between sustained work with quality improvement (QI) and factors related to research utilization in a group of nurses. Design. The study was designed as a comparative survey that included 220 nurses from various health care organizations in Sweden. These nurses had participated in uniformly designed 4-day basic training courses to manage a method for QI. Method. A validated questionnaire covering different aspects of research utilization was employed. The response rate was 70% (154 of 220). Nurses in managerial positions at the departmental level were excluded. Therefore, the final sample consisted of 119 respondents. Four years after the training courses, 39% were still involved in audit-related activities, while 61% reported that they had discontinued the QI work (missing = 1). Results. Most nurses (80–90%) had a positive attitude to research. Those who had continued the QI work over a 4-year period reported more activity in searching research literature compared with those who had discontinued the QI work (P  = 0·005). The QI-sustainable nurses also reported more frequent participation in research-related activities, particularly in implementing specific research findings in practice (P  = 0·001). Some contextual differences were reported: the QI-sustainable nurses were more likely to obtain support from their chief executive (P  = 0·001), consultation from a skilled researcher (P  = 0·005) and statistical support (P  = 0·001). Within the broader health care organization, the existence of a research committee and a research and development strategy, as well as access to research assistant staff, had a tendency to be more common for nurses who had continued the QI work. Conclusion. Sustainability in QI work was significantly related to supportive leadership, facilitative human resources, increased activity in seeking new research and enhanced implementation of research findings in clinical practice. It appears that these factors constitute a necessary prerequisite for professional development and the establishment of evidence-based practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02574.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelic losses on chromosome arm 10q and mutation of the PTEN (MMAC1) tumour suppressor gene in primary and metastatic malignant melanomas (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Chromosome 10 ; Loss of heterozygosity ; Molecular genetics ; PTEN ; Skin tumours
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Malignant melanomas frequently show loss of alleles on the long arm of chromosome 10. The PTEN (MMAC1) gene has been identified as a tumour suppressor gene at 10q23.3 that is mutated in various types of advanced human cancers. We have investigated a series of 40 sporadic melanomas from 37 patients (15 primary cutaneous melanomas and 25 melanoma metastases) for allelic losses on chromosome 10, as well as for deletion and mutation of the PTEN gene. Microsatellite analysis revealed loss of heterozygosity at loci located on 10q in tumours from 15 of 34 patients investigated (44%). Somatic PTEN mutations were identified in melanomas from 4 of 37 patients (11%), all of whom had metastatic disease. In two of these patients, the tumours had additionally lost one PTEN allele, indicating complete loss of wild-type PTEN in the tumour cells. Our findings corroborate that loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10 is a frequent aberration in malignant melanomas and implicate PTEN as a tumour suppressor gene inactivated by somatic mutation in a fraction of these tumours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050477
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A specific requirement for PDGF-C in palate formation and PDGFR-α signaling (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 1111-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] PDGF-C is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, which signals through PDGF receptor (PDGFR) αα and αβ dimers. Here we show that Pdgfc−/− mice die in the perinatal period owing to feeding and respiratory difficulties associated with a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1415
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A pentagonal cluster in certain approximants to decagonal quasicrystals (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 646-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A certain pentagonal cluster occurring in several approximants to the decagonal quasicrystal is discussed. The term `cluster' is used here to denote a structure motif which is a certain assemblage of coordination polyhedra. The cluster resembles a wheel with an `axis' and a `tyre'. It is built up of seven intergrown icosahedra. The `wheel cluster' builds up structures of infinite strands or nets perpendicular to the pentagonal wheel cluster axis. The wheel cluster is the main constituent of the decagonal approximant structure types Al3Mn, Al60Mn11Ni4 and Ga137Mn123.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768101010539
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A pharmacophore model for dopamine D4 receptor antagonists (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 14 (2000), S. 769-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Schlagwort(e): bioactive conformation ; conformational analysis ; dopamine D2 ; dopamine D4 ; D2/D4 selectivity ; enantioselectivity ; pharmacophore model ; solvation energies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A pharmacophore model for dopamine D4 antagonists has been developed on the basis of a previously reported dopamine D2 model. By using exhaustive conformational analyses (MM3* force field and the GB/SA hydration model) and least-squares molecular superimposition studies, a set of eighteen structurally diverse high affinity D4 antagonists have successfully been accommodated in the D4 pharmacophore model. Enantioselectivities may be rationalized by conformational energies required for the enantiomers to adopt their proposed bioactive conformations. The pharmacophore models for antagonists at the D4 and D2 receptor subtypes have been compared in order to get insight into molecular properties of importance for D2/D4 receptor selectivity. It is concluded that the bioactive conformations of antagonists at the two receptor subtypes are essentially identical. Receptor essential volumes previously identified for the D2 receptor are shown to be present also in the D4 receptor. In addition, a novel receptor essential volume in the D4 receptor, not present in the D2 receptor, has been identified. This feature may be exploited for the design of D4 selective antagonists. However, it is concluded that the major determinant for D2/D4 selectivity is the nature of the interactions between the receptor and aromatic ring systems. The effects of the electronic properties of these ring systems on the affinities for the two receptor subtypes differ substantially.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008198026843
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