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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic inclusions of Trichamoeba and their reaction to vital dyes and to osmic and silver impregnation (1930)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 49 (1930), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Trichamoeba sp two types of inclusions are recognized on the basis of reaction to vital dyes and tomethods of osmic and silver impregnation. Globular inclusions, which are stained selectively with neutral red, may be blackened under direct observation by exposure to osmic vapor in hanging-drop preparations and demonstrated by osmic and silver impregnation. Rod-like and granular mitochondria, stainable vitally with Janus green, may be distinguished from the neutral-red globules in preparations stained with a mixture of Janus green and neutral red, and are demonstrated by Regaud's chondriosome method.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050490104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vacuome of the flagellate Chlamydomonas (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 527-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A vacuome (‘Golgi apparatus’) consisting of small globular inclusions has been demonstrated in Chlamydomonas sp. These inclusions may be seen in the living, unstained organism; they are stainable vitally with neutral red; they have been stained vitally with neutral red and then blackened with osmic vapor under direct observation, and they have been impregnated by osmic and silver methods without previous treatment with neutral red.The reaction of these inclusions to the iodin test for starch suggests that they may play some rǒle, possibly one of storage, in the cycle of starch metabolism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510207
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilization and aqueous development of the puerto rican terrestrial-breeding frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 193 (1987), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Puerto Rican tree frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, has internal fertilization and direct development on land. In light of these reproductive adaptations, the events of fertilization and early development were studied. Cytological examination of just-fertilized eggs showed that sperm entry is restricted to about 10% of the surface of these large, yolky eggs, and all nuclear events of the first cell cycle occur near the animal pole. Although the oocytes have cortical granules, a number of polyspermic fertilizations were found. One clutch consisted of eggs with a high frequency of polyspermy and of normal development. This raises the possibility that normal development can occur despite multiple sperm entry, a situation not found in other anuran amphibians. With respect to saline requirements, the sperm and the embryo are similar to those in amphibians with external fertilization and aqueous development. Sperm motility was high in low-tonicity conditions, and the normally terrestrial embryo could develop completely from a fertilized egg to a froglet in a low-tonicity aqueous solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051930208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configurational entropy of polyethylene and other linear polymers (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 869-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The configurational entropy of the polyethylene chain at the melting points calculated in two ways. In both calculations, tetrahedral angles and discrete trans and gauche arrangements of all bonds are assumed, and trans bonds are assumed more stable than gauche by energy U1. First, calculations are made on chains of up to N = 18 bonds, disallowing all configurations having overlapping atoms, and the result is extrapolated to large N. Second, a calculation is made directly for long chains, with overlaps excluded only over every short chain segment. The results are in almost exact agreement, suggesting that the second method can be safely used with other molecules. The calculated configurational entropy is in line with that suggested by the entropy of fusion, assuming the chains to acquire a configurational freedom in the melt which approaches that of independent chains.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equation of state and the thermodynamic properties of liquid polymers: Application of the Hirai-Eyring modelPresented at Symposium on Thermodynamic Properties of Bulk Polymers, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., March 10-12, 1969. (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 1337-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the Hirai-Eyring model for the liquid state is capable of accurately describing the p, V, T behavior of liquid polymers in the temperature range over which measurements are now made, and below. Once the parameter choices necessary to accomplish the fit are made for a particular polymer, the excess thermodynamic functions (differences in properties, liquid less solid) are determined by the same parameters. Above the glass transition temperature Tg the volume, excess enthalpy, and square of the excess entropy are predicted by the model to be essentially linear with temperature, in agreement with experiment. Below Tg, these functions do not remain linear (as is usually assumed in extrapolating the equilibrium behavior to low temperatures), but instead they rapidly approach zero in a continuous way as the temperature is lowered. These remarks apply to glass-forming materials composed of small molecules, as well as to polymers. The “paradox” raised by Kauzmann is thus resolved, and the Gibbs-DiMarzio second-order transition appears to be unnecessary.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.160080807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histology and histochemistry of the parotid and the principal and accessory submandibular glands of the little brown bat (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 172 (1982), S. 271-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parotid and the principal and accessory submandibular glands of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Vespertilionidae), were examined using light microscopy and staining methods for mucosubstances. The parotid gland is a compound tubuloacinar seromucous gland. Parotid gland secretory cells contain both neutral and nonsulfated acidic mucosubstances. The principal and accessory submandibular glands are compound tubuloacinar mucus-secreting glands. They contain somewhat atypical mucus-secreting demilunar cells that often appear to be interspersed between mucous tubule cells. The mucous tubule cells in both the principal and accessory submandibular glands contain sulfomucins. Demilunar cells of the principal submandibular gland contain moderate amounts of nonsulfated acidic mucosubstances, but the corresponding cells of the accessory submandibular gland contain considerable neutral mucosubstance with very little acid mucosubstance. Intercalated ducts composed of cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells are present in all three glands. Striated ducts in all glands are composed of columnar cells whose apices bulge into the ductal lumina. Excretory ducts are composed of simple columnar epithelium, with occasional basal cells that suggest a possible pseudostratified nature. The cells of the excretory ducts also have bulging apices. All duct types contain apical cytoplasmic secretory material that is a periodic acid-Schiff positive, neutral mucosubstance. Ductal apical secretory material is more evident in intercalated and striated ducts than in excretory ducts.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051720303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of branched polyethylene melts (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 455-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical properties of branched polyethylenes in the molten state were determined in the frequency range 10-3-10 radians/sec. The materials tested have remarkably similar rheological properties even though they vary greatly in molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The similarity in properties is attributed to the influence of long chain branching on the relaxation spectra. A mechanistic argument is proposed to relate the observed behavior to molecular entanglement coupling. The concept of entanglement coupling involving long-chain branching leads to the expectation that the quasi-Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosities of branched polymers may be either greater or less than those of linear polymers of the same species, which have comparable molecular weights. This is borne out by experiment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.160080311
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of an epoxy resin and its composite I. Moisture effects on dipole relaxation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1771-1784 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dipole relaxation dielectric loss behavior of a fiberglass-epoxy composite has been studied as a function of moisture uptake. A single widely distributed loss peak, centered at -16°C for 10 kHz measurement, is observed in the dry composite. Very low moisture concentrations (〈0.1%) interact with the composite, through either dipole pairing or by inducing chemical changes, to decrease loss intensity. At moisture concentrations from 0.1 to 1.4%, loss peak intensity generally increases with moisture uptake. Over this moisture concentration range water dipoles presumably relax in phase with the epoxy segments or side groups upon which they adsorb. Arrhenius relaxation activation energy decreases, and improved loss peak definition at increasing moisture concentrations is interpreted as indicating resin plasticization by adsorbed moisture. At moisture concentrations above 1.4%, the appearance of a second loss peak suggests formation of a new colloidal or weakly adsorbed moisture phase, as well as the saturation of primary adsorption sites.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310622
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of the changes in cytoplasmic pH upon serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 141 (1989), S. 410-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Addition of mitogens to quiescent cells results in rapid ionic changes in the cytoplasm, including pH. We studied the changes in cytoplasmic pH in single Swiss 3T3 cells upon serum stimulation using fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy. Quiescence was attained using two approaches, serum deprivation of subconfluent cells and confluence. All measurements were made in the presence of bicarbonate and the absence of other organic buffers. We also used BCECF coupled to dextran to avoid several artifacts associated with using BCECF-AM, including leakage and phototoxicity. Analysis of the changes in cytoplasmic pH demonstrated a dramatic heterogeneity in the responses of single cells. There were six basic classes of responses, (1) a fast alkalinization, reaching a maximum pH in ∼2-5 min; (2) a slow alkalinization, reaching a maximum pH in 10-20 min; (3) a very slow alkalinization, not reaching a plateau pH within the measurement time; (4) no apparent change in pH during the measurement time; (5) an early transient acidification, followed by either a fast or slow alkalinization; and (6) an acidification, followed by alkalinization and then by a decrease to some intermediate pH. Subconfluent cells exhibited greater heterogeneity in response than confluent cells, with no single dominant class of response. The dominant (55%) response for confluent cells was a gradual alkalinization of ∼0.01 pH units/min. A larger proportion (52%) of subconfluent cells exhibited an early transient acidification compared to confluent cells (7%). A significant proportion of both types of cells (23% subconfluent, 36% confluent) exhibited no change in cytoplasmic pH upon stimulation. In general, the kinetics of changes in cytoplasmic pH were significantly different from the published results with population averaging methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041410223
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitogenicity of Brain Axolemma Membranes and Soluble Factors for Dorsal Root Ganglion Schwann Cells (1982)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 18 (1982), S. 433-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mitogenicity ; Schwann cells ; axons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that membranes derived from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurites are mitogenic for cultured Schwann cells derived from the same source [Salzer et al (1980): J Cell Biol 84:767-778]. Improved procedures are described for preparing Schwann cells derived from dorsal root ganglia that are highly responsive to various mitogens. Under these conditions, the cells respond not only to the neurite mitogen but also to pituitary extracts, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and cholera toxin that have been shown previously to be good mitogens for Schwannn cells derived from sciatic nerve [Raff et al (1978): Cell 15:813-822], thus reconciling discrepancies in the response of these different Schwann cell preparations to mitogens. Searching for a source of membranes more suitable for biochemical characterization of the neurite mitogen, we found that bovine brain axolemma, prepared by the method of DeVries et al [(1977): Brain Res 147:339-352] is highly mitogenic for Schwann cells. The milotic index of Schwann cells was increased by the addition of axolemma from 0.5%-2% to 30%-50% during 24-h incubation with [3H]thymidine. Half maximal effect was obtained at about 0.4 μg axolemma protein per microwell containing 2-4 × 10 3 cells. The axolemma mitogen appears to be an integral membrane protein that remains bound to the membrane under various ionic conditions but can be extracted in a partially active form with deoxycholate. Like the DRG neurite mitogen, the mitogenic activity of axolemma was abolished by trypsin treatment. Unlike the neurite preparation, however, the mitogenic activity of axolemma was only partially inactivated by heat treatment (60%-70% inactivation). A significant difference between the mitogenic activity of axolemma membranes and neurite membranes is the fact that axolemma membranes fail to stimulate Schwann cell proliferation in a defined, serum-free medium (N-2), whereas neurites show significant mitogenic activity in this medium. These findings indicate a possible difference between DRG neurites and brain axolemma either in the mitogen itself or surface components responsible for recognition between the membranes and the cells.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.1982.240180405
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