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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship Between Lineaments and Ground Water Occurrence in Western Botswana (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 37 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Asemiarid region of western Botswana, the Ghanzi-Makunda area, is the focus of a study to determine the relationship between lineaments and well yield. This relationship is inferred from geologic maps, aerial photographs, and Landsat TM (thematic mapper) images in conjunction with a well yield map produced using indicator kriging and based on 226 globally positioned wells. A composite image of Landsat TM, digital well yield, lineament trace, and well location data, formed using a raster-based geographic information systems (GIS) technique, visually identifies a correlation between well yield, lineament density, and darker tones on Landsat TM images. Higher fracture densities correlate positively with higher well yields. Regression analysis identifies a statistically significant correlation between distance to lineament intersections and median well yield.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00985.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of Geostatistics For Accurate Mapping of Earthquake Ground Motion (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 97 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The geostatistical method of kriging is applied for the analysis, estimation and mapping of earthquake ground motion. No modification to this method was required for this new application. Along with kriging, the concept of the semi-variogram is introduced and shown to be important for estimation and mapping. In geostatistical analyses of earthquake ground motion the ground motion is modelled by a random function. This random function model is shown to be accurate for providing estimates of earthquake ground motion at unsampled locations. Kriging is applied in this paper for the mapping of peak horizontal acceleration recorded during the 1971 San Fernando, and the 1983 Coalinga, California earthquakes. These results are compared to maps predicted using attenuation expressions and differences are analysed. Results demonstrate the utility of kriging for the analysis of earthquake ground motion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb00482.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of universal kriging for estimation of earthquake ground motion: Statistical significance of results (1989)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 21 (1989), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): Universal kriging ; ordinary kriging ; cross-validation ; earthquake ground motion ; t andF tests ; Mann-Whitney tests ; jackknife statistics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Universal kriging is compared with ordinary kriging for estimation of earthquake ground motion. Ordinary kriging is based on a stationary random function model; universal kriging is based on a nonstationary random function model representing first-order drift. Accuracy of universal kriging is compared with that for ordinary kriging; cross-validation is used as the basis for comparison. Hypothesis testing on these results shows that accuracy obtained using universal kriging is not significantly different from accuracy obtained using ordinary kriging. Tests based on normal distribution assumptions are applied to errors measured in the cross-validation procedure;t andF tests reveal no evidence to suggest universal and ordinary kriging are different for estimation of earthquake ground motion. Nonparametric hypothesis tests applied to these errors and jackknife statistics yield the same conclusion: universal and ordinary kriging are not significantly different for this application as determined by a cross-validation procedure. These results are based on application to four independent data sets (four different seismic events).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00893218
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correspondence analysis of water quality data: Implications for fauna deaths at Stillwater Lakes, Nevada (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 22 (1990), S. 665-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): correspondence analysis ; boron ; geothermal ; wildlife management ; climatic fluctuation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Over the last 2 years, more than seven million fish and 16,000 birds have died from drought-induced disease and suspected poisoning at Stillwater Lakes, Nevada. Correspondence analysis of water samples taken in June and September 1986, from lakes and reservoirs near Stillwater Lakes and four background lakes/reservoirs (not associated with fauna disease and death), is attempted to investigate the correlation among sites associated with fauna deaths. This analysis identifies high correlation between some Stillwater Lakes sites and boron. A correlation between boron and arsenic is also identified. Leaching and transport of toxins to the Stillwater Lakes system is one hypothesis to explain the wildlife deaths. Other hypotheses include the direct introduction of toxins by groundwater associated with geothermal activity. A natural cause for the wildlife deaths is also suggested, a cause not associated with the introduction of toxins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890515
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of spatial filter theory to kriging (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 22 (1990), S. 1063-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): point-spread function ; spatial filtering ; kriging ; variogram ; digital image ; intrinsic random functions ; conditional simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Data-processing requirements for remotely sensed, digital images include spatial filtering to suppress image noise, enhance edges/contacts, and improve image clarity. Spatial filter theory demonstrates that the addition of a high-pass filtered image to a low-pass filtered image yields the original digital image. Application of this principle in kriging can be accomplished by using the same covariance matrix to solve for two weighting vectors to yield a result analogous to low- and high-pass filtering. The addition of kriged estimates calculated using both weighting vectors is analogous to summing high-, and low-pass filtered digital images. This modified method of kriging yields estimates associated with less smoothing compared to ordinary kriging. Statistical moments of original sample data are better preserved through estimation by this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890124
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Review: Analysis of Variance, Design and Regression: Applied Statistical Methods By Ronald Christensen Chapman & Hall, 1996, 587 pp., hardcover, $69.95 (US), ISBN 0-412-06291-7 (2000)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 32 (2000), S. 763-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007598608151
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treatment of earthquake ground motion using regionalized variables (1985)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 17 (1985), S. 221-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): variograms ; covariance ; positive definite conditions ; kriging ; Modified Mercalli Intensity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Earthquake ground motion is a spatial phenomenon associated with local random behavior and global attenuation away from a source. By this description, ground motion is a regionalized variable. Analyses of directional variograms for earthquake ground motion reveal ansiotropic attenuation. For some earthquakes, a spatial structure exists in all directions and an average variogram can be developed. For other earthquakes, either a spatial structure can be identified only for restricted directions, or a spatial structure cannot be found to exist in any direction. A valid application of regionalized variables theory to the spatial analysis of earthquake ground motion must therefore be predicated on an initial, exhaustive analysis of estimated variograms. To estimate these data, an application of ordinary kriging is preferable to other more complex regionalized variables techniques to simplify the spatial analysis of earthquake ground motion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034751
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An application of cokriging for estimation of tripartite earthquake response spectra (1985)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 17 (1985), S. 527-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): cokriging ; variograms ; cross-variograms ; earthquake response spectra
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A tripartite earthquake response spectrum exhibits peak values of acceleration, velocity, and displacement in concert, each as a function of natural frequency of vibration. Because cokriging is a regionalized variable technique for multiple variable estimation, it was employed to jointly estimate peak values of acceleration, velocity, and displacement through a frequency discretization process. The objective of this application was to develop a technique for estimation of response spectra at uninstrumented locations. Because magnitudes of the three response variables differed, these data were normalized prior to cokriging. This process simply involved dividing each type of variable by its maximum value for a given frequency; hence, values of each type of variable ranged between zero and one. This allowed better accuracy in developing cross-variograms. Cokriging proved to be an efficient and accurate technique to use for the estimation of tripartite response spectra.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032107
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An indicator kriging model for investigation of seismic hazard (1986)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 18 (1986), S. 409-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): earthquake hazard ; indicator kriging ; punctual kriging ; variograms ; statistics of extremes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Time domain probabilistic techniques most often are used for assessment of seismic hazard. Such techniques are based on the historic frequency of ground motion. Hazard is expressed as a probability of experiencing a particular level of seismic activity over a given length of time. One of these techniques utilizes frequency of extreme values for assessment of hazard. The major disadvantage of this technique, however, becomes evident when maximum seismic activity for two consecutive years occurs only a few weeks or months apart. In this case, the extreme value approach overestimates seismic hazard. A new approach for hazard assessment is founded on principles of indicator kriging. This technique evaluates seismic hazard as a simple frequency record, which is more realistic for regions of little to moderate seismicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00906064
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A treatise on the use of geostatistics for the characterization of nonrenewable resources (1992)
    Springer
    Natural resources research 1 (1992), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8981
    Schlagwort(e): Nonrenewable resources ; Geostatistics ; Interpolation ; Spatial structure ; Geographic information systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Five decades of geostatistical development are reviewed to summarize the state of the art for spatial interpolation vis-à-vis kriging or a form thereof. Although a search of the literature reveals a variety of kriging methods, there are but two infrastructures for geostatistical interpolation: simple cokriging, for estimating a single variable using two variables, and generalized cokriging, for estimating one or more variables using the same number of variables that are estimated. The many forms of kriging are varieties of these two interpolation infrastructures. This notion is emphasized to aid the selection of an appropriate interpolation model for a nonrenewable resource. These models are discussed, and literature for the models and for applicable software is cited. Additionally, all aspects of spatial interpolation are discussed, including the adequacy of spatial sampling, distribution characteristics of spatial samples, semivariograms, search parameters, and selection of interpolation models in conformance with spatial data characteristics. Finally, the relationship between interpolation and raster-based geographic information systems is emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782113
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