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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The association of free radicals and particularly free iron in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and MPTP-induced parkinsonism remains controversial. Whereas the actual cause of dopamine cell death in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) remains unknown, disturbances in lipid peroxidation and subsequent mitochondrial and cell membrane disruption has been demonstrated. In a genetically susceptible host, abnormal elimination of oxygen and trace metal free radicals may further damage dopamine cells. Using a unilaterally MPTP-treated African Green monkey, which showed obvious contralateral hemiparkinsonism, the total free iron concentration was measured. Iron, Fe2+ and Fe3+, but not other trace elements, was significantly elevated in the SNc compared with the opposite unlesioned side, which was similar to separate control animals. Iron content in the SNc, periaqueductal gray area, and crus cerebri was 228–270 ppm. Normal control SNc was 285 (±59) ppm, whereas iron levels of 532 (±151) ppm were found in the MPTP-lesioned SNc. These animals were drug naive and not on long-term levodopa maintenance. Proton microprobe elemental analysis was matched against adjacent immunocytochemically stained tissue slices to ensure the cells studied were in the SNc. Iron was found not only in the degenerating dopamine cells themselves but also in the surrounding matrix and glial cells. Whether free iron that is not bound to neuromelanin is responsible for dopamine cell death as suggested by these experiments remains to be proved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Plant, cell & environment 5 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 4 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. Measurements of the efflux of CO2 from 5–6 year old container grown apple trees, in the dark at a range of temperatures (T), indicated that respiration rate (R) can be described by the equation R = SL e kT. The temperature coefficient k, was the same at all times of the year and for all components of the trees, but the values of a varied. At the same temperature respiration rates were low when the trees were dormant, rose rapidly to a peak in spring (before full bloom) and then declined steadily through the season. When respiration was expressed as a flux density, rates for different components of the tree were usually similar. Differences were sometimes statistically significant but no clear pattern emerged. The results obtained are similar to those published for other plants and the equation can be used in the calculation of the carbon balance of apple trees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. Transpiration rates from apple leaves are analysed in terms of the ratio of latent heat flux (λE) to leaf net radiation (Q1) and the climatological resistance (ri). Increases in stomatal resistance with increasing leaf to air vapour pressure gradient (D), described by an empirical model, are incorporated in the analysis. This humidity effect causes the proportion of energy dissipated as latent heat to fall as Q1 increases, so that leaf transpiration rates in high energy environments are likely to be similar to those in lower energy environments. Boundary layer resistance (ra) exerts an increasingly important effect on transpiration rates as Q1 increases. At constant Q1 stomatal closure in response to increasing D results in very small changes in leaf temperature (T1) across a wide range of ambient vapour pressure deficits (δe); ra is then the major factor determining T1. The implications of these results are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 1 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Using an open-system leaf chamber, gas exchange measurements on attached leaves of 3-4-year-old Golden Delicious apple trees, made through two seasons, provided data from which the parameters of a leaf photosynthesis model could be derived. The equation is: 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:01407791:PCE51:PCE_51_mu1"/〉where C1 is internal CO2 concentration and Qp is the incident quantum flux. There was considerable leaf to leaf variation in the values of the parameters but no clear seasonal trends were established. The initial slope (a) had an average value of about 2.5 × 10−3 mg μmol−1† (i.e. quantum yield ∼ 0.057); the mesophyll conductance (gm) was about 3.5 mm s−1 in extension leaves of trees carrying fruit and 2.5 mm s−1 in extension leaves of defruited trees. Differences between the values of gm for spur leaves with and without subtending fruits were not significant; 2.5 mm s−1 may be used. Dark respiration (Rd, mg m−2 s−1) increased exponentially with temperature (T°C); Rd∼ 0.006 exp (0.09 T). At saturating photon flux density Pn was linearly related to Ci, up to Ci∼ 250 mg m−3. Optimum temperatures for Pn were slightly different in the two years and were in the range 16-26°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. Stomatal conductances (gs) were measured on the leaves of 3–4 year old Golden Delicious trees and of seedlings of two other cultivars. Measurements were made on container grown trees in the field with a diffusion porometer in 1975 and 1976, and in controlled conditions in a leaf chamber in the laboratory in 1976. Stomatal densities in the Golden Delicious leaves were assessed from scanning electron micrographs. Stomatal density on extension shoot leaves was higher than on other leaf types after June.The response to irradiance shown by both the porometer and the leaf chamber results could be described by a rectangular hyperbola: 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:01407791:PCE13:PCE_13_mu1"/〉where gmax is maximum conductance and β indicates the sensitivity of gs to photon influx density (Qp). The values of β were in the range 60–90 μmol m−2 s−1.There was no evidence that apple stomata are sensitive to temperature per se, but gs was reduced by increasing leaf to air vapour pressure deficits (D). There was a linear relationship between gs and D which was not attributable to feed-back to leaf water potential (ψL) as the latter did not affect gs until a threshold of about −2.0 to −2.5 MPa was reached. Conductance generally declined with increasing ambient CO2 concentration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. An empirical model of stomatal response to environmental factors was developed from measurements of stomatal conductance (gs) made in a leaf chamber under controlled conditions. Results presented in a companion paper (Warrit, Landsberg & Thorpe, 1980) indicated that the model could be written in terms of only two factors, photon flux density (Qp) and leaf to air vapour pressure gradient (D). The response of Qp was hyperbolic and that to D linear; combining these the equation of the model is〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:01407791:PCE23:PCE_23_mu1"/〉where gr is a reference conductance, α is the slope of the response to D and β indicates the sensitivity of gs response to Qp. Values of α were 0.20 and 0.30 kPa−1 in June and August; the corresponding values of β were 59 and 79 μmol m−2 s−1.The model was tested against mean values of gs obtained with a porometer in the field, using environmental measurements as inputs. Correspondence between measured and calculated values was good. Transpiration rates were calculated from the Penman-Monteith equation, with stomatal resistance values calculated from the model, and compared with gravimetric measurements of tree water use. It was shown that transpiration could be calculated with acceptable accuracy. The effects of variations in stomatal resistance on transpiration rates under a range of conditions were explored using the model and the Penman- Monteith equation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from cultured gilthead seabream, Sparus auratus L., and diseased wild Klunzinger's mullet, Liza klunzingeri (Day), in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf. Isolates were catalase negative, β-haemolytic, Gram-positive cocci and serogroup B. Experimental infectivity trials with mullet and seabream brain isolates in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., caused 100 and 90% mortality, respectively, within 7 days post-inoculation indicating virulent S. agalactiae as the bacterial pathogen responsible for the epizootic in Kuwait Bay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Compositio mathematica 118 (1999), S. 189-201 
    ISSN: 1570-5846
    Schlagwort(e): Homogeneous spaces ; deformations ; dual varieties ; secant varieties ; moving frames ; projective differential geometry ; second fundamental forms.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Let X⊂P be a variety (respectively an open subset of an analytic submanifold) and let x∈X be a point where all integer valued differential invariants are locally constant. We show that if the projective second fundamental form of X at x is isomorphic to the second fundamental form of a point of a Segre P× P, n,m≥2, a Grassmaniann G(2,n+2), n≥4, or the Cayley plane OP2, then X is the corresponding homogeneous variety (resp. an open subset of the corresponding homogeneous variety). The case of the Segre P2×P2 had been conjectured by Griffiths and Harris in [GH]. If the projective second fundamental form of X at x is isomorphic to the second fundamental form of a point of a Veronese v2(P) and the Fubini cubic form of X at x is zero, then X=v2 (P) (resp. an open subset of v2(P)). All these results are valid in the real or complex analytic categories and locally in the C∞ category if one assumes the hypotheses hold in a neighborhood of any point x. As a byproduct, we show that the systems of quadrics I2(P ⊔P)⊂ S2C, I2(P1× P)⊂ S2C and I2(S5)⊂ S2C16 are stable in the sense that if A ⊂S* is an analytic family such that for t≠0,A≃A, then A0≃A. We also make some observations related to the Fulton–:Hansen connectedness theorem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 364 (1993), S. 294-294 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] SIR - The Scientific Correspondence1 from Kruck contains several inaccurate statements about our Letter2. First, the purpose of our report was the analysis of neuritic plaque cores in brains from people with Alzheimer's disease. The elemental composition of neurofibrillary tangles remains to be ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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