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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: an irritant dermatitis model (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 23 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The efficacy of a topical agent in barrier recovery was evaluated after acetone-induced acute water loss barrier disruption in vivo in humans. The upper back of several volunteers was rubbed with acetone-soaked cotton balls until elevated rates of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) occurred (〉20 g/m2h, or greater). The topical agent was then applied to the acetone-treated skin sites once daily for 5 days. Resolution evaluation used TEWL measurements and the data were expressed as the percentage recovery in water barrier function. In comparison with placebo control the topical agent significantly enhanced barrier recovery, especially within the first 72 h (P 〈 0.05). This model offers a simple method of examining chemicals accelerating (or inhibiting) repair of this form of acute skin damage in man.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.1998.00310.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Topical hyaluronidase decreases hyaluronic acid and CD44 in human skin and in reconstituted human epidermis: evidence that hyaluronidase can permeate the stratum corneum (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix involved in growth, inflammation and wound healing, also contributes to the hydration and plastic properties of skin. Several drug and cosmetic formulations contain HA. We have initiated investigations that explore whether it is possible, by topical application, to modulate endogenous HA levels in skin. We developed a model epidermal culture system that exhibited a differentiated stratum corneum, and expressed HA and the HA receptor CD44, in a pattern similar to that observed in intact skin. Such in vitro skin equivalents are useful models for investigating the effect of topical drugs. HA and bacterial hyaluronidase were applied to the in vitro skin equivalent and to human skin. Their effects on endogenous HA and CD44 expression were examined using histochemical analysis. Topical HA treatment had no significant effect on HA or CD44 expression in either system. However, hyaluronidase decreased HA and CD44 expression in a dose-dependent manner in both the epidermal culture system and in skin. Apparently, HA is not able to permeate the epidermal culture system or human skin to a significant degree, but bacterial hyaluronidase does permeate both human skin and the culture system, depleting HA and decreasing CD44 expression. These effects were more prominent in the dermal than in the epidermal layers, suggesting that marked differences in HA metabolism exist in these two skin compartments. The ability of hyaluronidase to permeate the stratum corneum suggests that topical application may, additionally, be useful as a clinical modality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03289.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential irritant skin responses to tandem application of topical retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate: II. Effect of time between first and second exposure (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In clinical practice, the cutaneous exposure to chemical irritants such as surfactants and topical drugs is frequent. Topical all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is often associated with irritation and induces epidermal changes similar to those produced by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Using bioengineering techniques, e.g. assessing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance and chromametry, we investigated the variations of the skin response to SLS and RA and to both chemicals applied sequentially, allowing different time periods (from 1 h to 2 weeks) between applications of SLS and RA. Both chemicals caused irritation as assessed by visual scoring, but the values from the objective variables differed at different time periods. TEWL increased dramatically shortly after applying SLS but the increase was delayed after RA. After applying SLS, the capacitance generally decreased then returned to basal values; treatment with RA produced an overall increase. Only the results from chromametry were similar. After tandem application, the drugs were synergistic for all variables except capacitance, showing an antagonistic interaction for skin hydration. These results suggest that non-specific skin irritation profoundly reflects different mechanisms of action at tissue level. With sequential application, SLS injury modified the response to RA for at least 1 week after applying SLS. These late effects of detergents should be considered when studying irritant chemical interactions and in developing strategies for the management of occupational and other irritant dermatitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18101910.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of calcipotriol on stratum corneum barrier function, hydration and cell renewal in humans (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Calcipotriol. a vitamin D analogue utilized for psoriasis, has irritation as its most frequent reported adverse event. However, studies on its irritant properties in humans have produced conflicting data. This study evaluates the effect of calcipotriol on stratum corneum barrier function, hydration and cell turnover in healthy volunteers, compared with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as a model irritant. Calcipotriol 0·005% ointment and 1% aqueous SLS solution were applied for 2 weeks (5 consecutive days weekly) on untreated and on dansyl-chloride-labelled skin. Irritant responses were documented by visual scoring and by measurement of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (electrical capacitance), until day 18 Stratum corneum turnover time (SCTT) was the time in days between staining (day 0) and the disappearance of dansyl fluorescence. SLS caused more erythema, scaling, and a significant TEWL increase for 18 days. In contrast, calcipotriol induced erythema, and slightly but significantly increased TEWL on day 11 only, as compared with the vehicle control (P〈0·05) SLS, but not calcipotriol, caused skin dryness from day 4 to day 18. The shortest SCTT was obtained at SLS-exposed sites (11·2 ± 0·7 days: mean± SD). Calcipotriol significantly shortened SCTT (16.3 ± 1.1 days) when compared with its vehicle. Compared with the skin irritation induced by SLS, under these test conditions, calcipotriol is a far weaker irritant on normal human skin. In addition, calcipotriol accelerates stratum corneum turnover to a significantly greater extent than its vehicle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1037.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of all-trans retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate on the permeability of human skin in vitro (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Recent in vivo investigations have shown that pretreatment with topical all-trans retinoic acid (RA) may diminish the skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). This study evaluated the permeation of SLS through human skin after pretreatment with RA, and vice versa, by in vitro methods. The permeability coefficient of SLS (3.24 ± 0.21 × 103 cm/h) and the 24-h cumulative amount of SLS (3.41 ± 0.6% of dose applied) permeating RA-pretreated skin did not differ significantly from those across untreated skin (control) (P 〉 0.05). In contrast, the permeability coefficient of RA (0.23 ± 0.05 × 103 cm/h) and its 24-h cumulative amount (0.37 ± 0.05% of dose applied) penetrating SLS-pretreated skin were significantly greater than those permeating untreated skin (P〈0.05). Thus, an increase in RA penetration was induced by SLS pretreatment; however, pretreating the skin with RA did not inhibit the percutaneous permeation of SLS. Based on previous in vivo findings where RA reduced skin reactions to SLS,8 one would speculate that RA pretreatment may decrease SLS penetration. However, these penetration data do not necessarily uphold this presumption. Perhaps, other interactions between the substances and the skin, e.g. at cellular levels, may be responsible for the differing skin responses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1016.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Topical griseofulvin in the treatment of dermatophytoses (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 19 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Whether griseofuilvin, which pioneered oral antifungal therapy, works topically has long been an open question. The effectiveness of a 1% griseofulvin spray formulation and the vehicle alone against experimentally induced Trichophyton mentagrphytes lesions on the forearms of 16 healthy volunteers and in the treatment of 100 tinea pedis patients (various dermatophytes) was evaluated in a double-blind study. After treatment of teh58 induced lesions twice daily for 14 days with topical griseofulvin (28) of placebo(30),80% of lesions receiving griseofulvin were mycologically negative compared with 30% in the placebo group (p〈0.001), In the tinea pedis patients who applied medication once daily for 4 week and 80.9% 2 weeks post-treatment. Resurgence of dermatophytes quickly followed the end of treatment in the placebo group only, which had a mycological cure rate of 34%(week6) Administration of a ropical formulation of griseofulvin thus may be an effective treatment for interdigital dermatophyte infections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01113.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monitoring the water-holding capacity in visually non-irritated skin by plastic occlusion stress test (POST) (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 15 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Skin-surface water loss (SSWL) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were studied after a plastic occlusion stress test (POST) in visually non-damaged skin treated with 7%, sodium lauryl sulphate for 3 days (open application). After removal of the 24-h plastic occlusion, SSWL and TEWL were recorded continuously for 25 min. SSWL decay curves show significant differences between control and treated areas. The total amount of water trapped within the stratum corneum and released after 1 min is significantly reduced (P 〈 0·01) in the treated site. Higher TEWL (P 〈 0·02) in visually non-irritated skin is noticeable in the terminal part of the curve reflecting the damage of the water barrier in irritated skin. The data suggest that clinically normal skin exposed to subliminal irritant stimuli is less capable of storing water within the stratum corneum resulting in decreased hydration. The POST appears to be a simple and reliable tool to investigate non-visible hut biologically relevant changes in stratum corneum function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02043.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A functional study of the skin barrier to evaporative water loss by means of repeated cellophane-tape stripping (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 15 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The functional role of different layers of the horny layer in preventing evaporative water loss was studied by an adhesive cellophane-tape stripping technique. The increase in transepidermal water loss, as described by a mathematical equation based on curve-fitting analysis, was shown to be proportional to the decrease in thickness of the horny layer. In the second half of the curve the experimental data showed slightly higher transepidermal-water-loss values than would be expected on the basis of proportionality with thickness of the stratum corneum. The data suggest that the outer layers of the horny layer are also important in forming a barrier to evaporative water loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02068.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of topical cis-urocanic acid on local lymph node activation during contact sensitization in mouse, rat and guinea-pig (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cis-urocanic acid (cUCA) has been suggested as a mediator of impairment of contact hypersensitivity induction by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. We ascertained whether topical cUCA influences local lymph node activation during induction of contact hypersensitivity. Topical cUCA or vehicle was applied during the local lymph node assay to oxazolone. Local lymph node weight and cell number were assessed in all animals. Additionally, cell proliferation rate was studied in Hartley guinea-pigs and CHA/Ca mice, whereas activation of antigen-presenting cells was quantified in NMRI mice and Wistar rats. Topical cUCA suppressed all parameters of local lymph node activation due to oxazolone application in guinea-pigs. No effect, with the exception of a suppression of antigen-presenting cell activity, was seen in mice. No effect was seen in rats. The study shows that topical cUCA may suppress local lymph node activation during contact sensitization and suggests that differences between the effect of cUCA in different animal species may exist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.125860.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone on the vulva and forearm: effect of the menopause and site (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone was studied following their application to the vulvar and ventral forearm regions of pre- and post-menopausal women. Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was significantly greater in vulvar skin than forearm skin in both pre- and post-menopausal women (P 〈0·05. respectively), whereas the percutaneous absorption of testosterone was significantly increased (P〈0·01) on the vulva compared with the arm only in post-menopausal women.The effect of age on the percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone was evaluated by using the menopause as a biological chronometric end point. It is a common misconception that older skin has a diminished barrier capacity, and that percutaneous absorption is therefore greater. Our studies showed that absorption of hydrocortisone vulval skin of pre-menopatisal women was significantly greater (P〈0·01) than in post-menopausal women. The ventral forearm skin of pre-menopausal women tended to show increased absorption compared with post-menopausal women, but statistical significance was not reached. No significant differences (P 〉 0· 05) in the percutaneous absorption of testosterone in vulval or forearm skin were observed between the two age groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07606.x
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