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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    AN APPLICATION OF THE OMEGATRON MASS SPECTROMETER TO THERMAL DECOMPOSITION STUDIES (1963)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 67 (1963), S. 2240-2241 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100804a513
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermodynamic properties of metastable Ag-Cu alloys (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3144-3149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The enthalpies of formation of metastable fcc Ag-Cu solid solutions, produced by ball milling of elemental powders, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental thermodynamic data for these metastable alloys and for the equilibrium phases are compared with both calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) and atomistic simulation predictions. The atomistic simulations were performed using the free-energy minimization method (FEMM). The FEMM determination of the equilibrium Ag-Cu phase diagram and the enthalpy of formation and lattice parameters of the metastable solid solutions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. CALPHAD calculations made in the same metastable regime, however, significantly overestimate the enthalpy of formation. Thus, the FEMM is a viable alternative approach for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of equilibrium and metastable phases, provided reliable interatomic potentials are available. The FEMM is also capable of determining such properties as the lattice parameter which are not available from CALPHAD calculations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354582
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleation and growth during reactions in multilayer Al/Ni films: The early stage of Al3Ni formation (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 2211-2218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Solid-state interdiffusion reactions at Al/Ni interfaces in multilayer films have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy/microanalysis, and thin-film x-ray diffraction. Multilayer films with various modulation periods and an overall atomic concentration ratio of three Al to one Ni were prepared by alternate electron-beam evaporation in high- and ultrahigh-vacuum systems. We show calorimetric, microstructural, and compositional evidence that interdiffusion of Al and Ni leading to solid solutions precedes the formation of intermetallic crystalline compounds. Isothermal calorimetry indicates that Al3Ni subsequently nucleates in the interdiffused region at preferred sites. Calorimetric analyses also suggest that nucleation sites quickly saturate in the early stage of Al3Ni formation and that the nucleation site density strongly depends on the grain sizes of the deposited films. After coalescence into a continuous layer at the interface, Al3Ni thickens through a diffusion-limited process, in agreement with previous reports. A kinetic model is developed which yields calculated calorimetric traces in good agreement with experimental data. Our results suggest the importance of prenucleation interdiffusion, in addition to nucleation, in the selection of the first phase during thin-film reactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348722
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initial sequence and kinetics of silicide formation in cobalt/amorphous-silicon multilayer thin films (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4287-4294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The sequence of cobalt silicide phase formation in cobalt/amorphous-silicon multilayer thin films has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, thin film x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Multilayer thin films with various overall atomic concentration ratios (2Co:1Si, 1Co:1Si, 1Co:2Si) and various bilayer thicknesses were used in this study. It was found that an amorphous intermixed layer about 10 nm thick preexisted at the as-deposited cobalt/amorphous-silicon interface. Crystalline CoSi was always the first phase to nucleate in the interdiffused layer. The CoSi nucleates and coalesces into a continuous layer at temperatures as low as about 260 °C, but does not thicken until the next phase forms. Which phase forms second is determined by whether Co and Si remain after formation of the CoSi layer. The activation energy for the initial nucleation and growth of the CoSi layer was found to be 1.6±0.1 eV. When excess cobalt is present, Co2Si is the next phase to form at about 350 °C. Co2Si grows with the coexisting CoSi layer remaining approximately a constant thickness of about 5 nm. The activation energy for growth of the Co2Si was 2.0±0.1 eV. After the cobalt is fully consumed, Co2Si reacts with excess silicon (if there is any) to form more CoSi at about 400 °C. This process has an activation energy of 1.9±0.1 eV. If excess silicon still exists after all of the Co2Si has transformed to CoSi, CoSi2 formation follows at about 500 °C with an activation energy of 2.5±0.1 eV. The activation energies of the above phase transformations were determined by analyzing calorimetric data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349106
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermodynamic and magnetic properties of metastable FexCu100−x solid solutions formed by mechanical alloying (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 955-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Metastable solid solutions of Fe and Cu, which are immiscible in equilibrium, have been formed using high-energy ball milling of elemental powder mixtures. Single-phase face-centered-cubic (fcc) solid solution was obtained for 0〈x≤60, and body-entered-cubic (bcc) solid solution for 75≤x〈100. The transition from fcc to bcc occurred near x=70, where a mixture of fcc and bcc phases was obtained. The enthalpy of transformation to equilibrium was measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The average atomic volume of the phases exhibits a positive deviation from Vegard's law, in qualitative agreement with the large positive enthalpy of mixing in this system. The magnetic moments and Curie temperatures for the metastable solid solutions have been determined and compared with those reported for Fe-Cu alloys formed by vapor deposition. Calculations of the formation enthalpy (ΔH) and free energy (ΔG) have been performed based on calphad data, with corrections based on our magnetization measurements. The calculated ΔG results are used to explain the observed fcc-bcc transition under polymorphous constraints.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354837
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Steroids. CXXXVIII.1 Hydrogenolysis of Hydroxyl Groups in the 3-Phenylcholestanol Series2 (1960)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 82 (1960), S. 6373-6375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01509a044
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous planar growth of amorphous and crystalline Ni silicides (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2033-2035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report a solid-state interdiffusion reaction induced by rapid thermal annealing and vacuum furnace annealing in evaporated Ni/Si bilayers. Upon heat treatment of a Ni film overlaid on a film of amorphous Si evaporated from a graphite crucible, amorphous and crystalline silicide layers grow uniformly side by side as revealed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and backscattering spectrometry. This phenomenon contrasts with the silicide formation behavior previously observed in the Ni-Si system, and constitutes an interesting counterpart of the solid-state interdiffusion-induced amorphization in Ni/Zr thin-film diffusion couples. Carbon impurity contained in the amorphous Si film stabilizes the amorphous phase. Kinetic and thermodynamic factors that account for the experimental findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100494
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solid-state interdiffusion reactions in Ni/Ti and Ni/Zr multilayered thin films (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 661-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have performed a comparative transmission electron microscopy study of solid-state interdiffusion reactions in multilayered Ni/Zr and Ni/Ti thin films. The Ni-Zr reaction product was amorphous while the Ni-Ti reaction product was a simple intermetallic compound. Because thermodynamic and chemical properties of these two alloy systems are similar, we suggest kinetic origins for this difference in reaction product.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98326
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ion mixing of metal/Al bilayers near 77 K (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 413-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The efficiency of interfacial ion mixing is measured for metal/Al (metal=Ti, Cr, Ni, and Mo) thin-film bilayers irradiated with 285 keV Xe+ ions near 77 K. The results indicate that, as a group, mixing of 3d-metal/Al pairs irradiated by Xe can be explained by neither a pure binary collision cascade nor a pure thermal spike model. Such a situation should exist; that it should be found at the average atomic numbers of the present bilayers is consistent with recent theoretical predictions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100937
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Self-propagating explosive reactions in Al/Ni multilayer thin films (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1262-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Self-propagating explosive reactions, with a reaction front speed of about 4 m/s, have been observed in free-standing polycrystalline Al/Ni multilayer thin films. The resultant phases and microstructures are compared with those obtained by conventional thermal annealing. We show evidence which indicates that melting occurred in the explosive reactions of films with an atomic concentration ratio of 3Al:1Ni. It is also observed that the propensity of multilayer films to undergo explosive reactions is dependent on the modulation length of the film as well as on the ambient temperature. These observations are interpreted with a simple model based on the rate balance between the rates of heat generation and heat dissipation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103504
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