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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repeated dose (28 days) oral toxicity study of flutamide in rats, based on the draft protocol for the `Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407' for screening for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 74 (2000), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Flutamide ; Androgen antagonist ; Rat ; Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407 ; Endocrine disrupters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In association with the international validation project to establish a test protocol for the `Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407', we performed a preliminary 28-day, repeated-dose toxicity study of flutamide, a non-steroidal androgen antagonist, and assessed the sensitivity of a list of parameters for detecting endocrine-related effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Seven-week-old CD(SD)IGS rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 males and 10 females, and administered flutamide once daily by oral gavage at doses of 0 (control), 0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg body weight/day. Male rats were killed 1 day after the 28th administration. Female rats were killed on the day they entered the diestrus stage in the estrous cycle following the last treatment. Male rats receiving flutamide at dose levels of 1 and 4 mg/kg showed lobular atrophy of the mammary gland and a decrease in epididymal weight. In addition, 4 mg/kg flutamide-treated males exhibited raised serum testosterone and estradiol levels and decreased weight of the accessory sex glands. In females, a slight prolongation of the estrous cycle was also observed in the 4 mg/kg flutamide-treated group. No dose-related changes could be detected by haematology, serum biochemistry and sperm analysis. Thus, among the parameters tested in the present experimental system, the weight of endocrine-linked organs and their histopathological assessment, serum hormone levels, and estrous cycle stage allowed the detection of endocrine-related effects of flutamide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050664
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anger, Blame, and Dimensions of Perceived Norm Violations: Culture, Gender, and Relationships (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: From a social cognitive perspective on anger, we attempted to examine the structure of perceived norm violations and their relationships with anger. We asked 884 university students from 4 countries (United States, Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong) to rate their experiences of being harmed in terms of norm violations, angry feelings, blame, and relationship with the harm doers. We found 2 culturally common dimensions in perceived norm violations (informal interpersonal norms and formal societal norms), and these dimensions substantially increased both angry feelings and blame in almost all cultural groups. The violation of interpersonal norms generally evoked anger more frequently than that of societal norms, but there were interactions between culture and relationship closeness and between gender and relationship closeness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02788.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bed thickness characteristics of inner-shelf storm deposits associated with a transgressive to regressive Holocene wave-dominated shelf, Sendai coastal plain, Japan (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Holocene inner-shelf storm deposits preserved beneath the Sendai coastal plain facing the Pacific coast of north-eastern Japan were formed during a transgressive–regressive cycle. The evolution of the Holocene wave-dominated depositional system along the Sendai coast is reconstructed using 76 AMS (accelerator mass spectrometers) 14C ages and the origin of bed thickness variations in the inner-shelf storm deposits is explored. The Holocene succession is 〈30 m thick and overlies latest Pleistocene to early Holocene non-marine deposits above a transgressive ravinement surface. It comprises transgressive ravinement and inner-shelf deposits, and regressive inner shelf, shoreface, and coastal plain deposits. The inner-shelf deposits comprise alternating sand and mud layers interpreted as stacked storm beds. The average preservation interval of a single storm bed is shortest during the transgression (5·7–20·6 years), and then increases to a maximum during the early regression (83·3–250·0 years), decreasing to 7·7–31·3 years with shoreline progradation. Average accumulation rates decreased during the transgression and then increased during the regression, but the sand/mud ratio varies little, reflecting inefficient sediment segregation downdip on the inner shelf. The vertical pattern of sand-layer thicknesses also shows no relationship to position within the cycle, although small-scale intervals of upward thickening and thinning probably relate to lateral switching of river mouths and/or random storm processes. The average thickness of storm beds is the highest in the interval deposited during the period from maximum flooding to early regression. This is probably because of the low preservation potential of thin beds associated with frequent, low-magnitude storms during this period of low accumulation rates and extensive reworking. This preservation bias and the nature of the Sendai inner shelf resulted in an absence of characteristic bed thickness trends in the preserved storm deposits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00745.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time course of ultrastructural changes and immunoelectron microscopic localization of neurocalcin in motor endplates of the lumbrical muscles of rats given a single administration of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words 2,5-Di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ) ; Wistar rat ; Motor endplate ; Lumbrical ¶muscle ; Neurocalcin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A time-course study of ultrastructural changes and immunoelectron microscopic localization of neurocalcin was performed on motor endplates of the lumbrical muscles of female Wistar rats given a single oral administration of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ) at a dose of 120 mg/kg. Toxic signs such as salivation and muscle weakness of the hind legs appeared from 3 h after DTBHQ administration. No remarkable macroscopic or light microscopic changes were noted in the lumbrical muscles of the treated rats. At the ultrastructural level, neurotoxicity characterized by a decreases or loss of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria was observed after 24 h and at the 1-week time point, nerve endings had disappeared in some of the motor endplates, while many neurite nerve endings suggestive of early stage regeneration were apparent. After 6 weeks, newly formed reinnervated endplates were observed. Immunoelectron microscopically, the synaptic vesicle membranes were heavily labeled for neurocalcin in the control rats, but not at 24 h after DTBHQ treatment. Synaptic vesicle membranes in the DTBHQ group were weakly labeled at 1 week, but strongly at 6 weeks. The results strongly suggest that DTBHQ targets the motor endplates in the rat lumbrical muscles, causing depletion of neurocalcin in the synaptic vesicles followed by their loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007413
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Swelling behavior of poly(α-hydroxy acrylic acid) gel in water/organic solvent mixtures (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 44 (2000), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Swelling behavior of poly(α -hydroxy acrylic acid) (PHA) gel was investigated in water/organic solvent mixtures (acetone, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide: DMSO) in comparison with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) gel. The swelling degrees of PHA and PAA gels significantly decreased with increasing acetone or dioxane content in the mixed solvents, while the deswelling in aqueous DMSO was less apparent. The deswelling region was dependent on the dissociation state of the carboxyl group; when the carboxyl group in the gels was dissociated (-COO), significant deswelling occurred in 30–60 vol.% of acetone or dioxane for PHA gel and in 40–80 vol.% for PAA gel. When the carboxyl group was in an acid form (-COOH) or only slightly dissociated, the deswelling region was 0–30 vol.% for PHA and 80-100 vol.% for PAA. The unique swelling behavior of PHA gel was ascribed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Effects of dielectric constant on the swelling are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050594
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