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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Activity of Enzymes in Aqueous Solution (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: : A group of selected enzymes were subjected to continuous pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments to evaluate the inactivation effect of PEF. For a treatment time of 126 μs, 51.7% and 83.8% of pepsin was inactivated at 37.0 kV/cm and 41.8 kV/cm, respectively. Enzyme activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased 38.2% when treated at 33.6 kV/cm for 126 μs. Enzyme activity decreased 18.1% and 4.0% for peroxidase treated at 34.9 kV/cm and chymotrypsin treated at 34.2 kV/cm, respectively. No significant change in lysozyme activity was observed after PEF from 0 to 38 kV/cm for 126 μs. Both PEF and the induced heat contributed to the observed inactivation effect, depending on the properties of enzymes and test conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06323.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Iterative method of integral relations scheme for wake flows (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 525-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The orthonormal method of integral relations (MIR) is extended to calculate wake flow problems. Two previous difficulties are overcome: (1) the non-constant integral domain is eliminated by introducing a linear transformation in the formulation; (2) the difficulty associated with determining unique orthonormal weighting functions is overcome by an iterative scheme. The new formulation is applied to calculate a wake flow. A high-order solution for N up to 4 is obtained with relative ease.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640090610
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stress-based topology optimization (1996)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 12 (1996), S. 98-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Previous research on topology optimization focussed primarily on global structural behaviour such as stiffness and frequencies. However, to obtain a true optimum design of a vehicle structure, stresses must be considered. The major difficulties in stress based topology optimization problems are two-fold. First, a large number of constraints must be considered, since unlike stiffness, stress is a local quantity. This problem increases the computational complexity of both the optimization and sensitivity analysis associated with the conventional topology optimization problem. The other difficulty is that since stress is highly nonlinear with respect to design variables, the move limit is essential for convergence in the optimization process. In this research, global stress functions are used to approximate local stresses. The density method is employed for solving the topology optimization problems. Three numerical examples are used for this investigation. The results show that a minimum stress design can be achieved and that a maximum stiffness design is not necessarily equivalent to a minimum stress design.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196941
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of basis function concept to practical shape optimization problems (1992)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 5 (1992), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Component shape optimization normally requires a parameterized geometric representation or a generic model for the solid geometry which evolves to an optimal design. Generic models for large-scale three-dimensional components are difficult to build. The difficulties result from the lack of robust automatic mesh generation and the availability of a parametric model. To remedy this problem, a basis function concept used in mathematics for representing an arbitrary function is employed for geometric representation of solids. This approach does not require automatic mesh generation or parametric models for geometric representation and thus is suitable for large-scale complicated components. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach to realistic problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01744696
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Automotive applications of topology optimization (1995)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 9 (1995), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Topology optimization is used for obtaining the best layout of vehicle structural components to achieve predetermined performance goals. An in-house topology optimization software, TOP, has been developed to analyse important automotive components. The topology design problem is formulated as a general optimization problem and is solved by the mathematical programming method. The MSC/NASTRAN finite element code is employed for response analyses. The use of MSC/NASTRAN is significant, because it not only allows engineers to use a wellaccepted and widely-used finite element code with no size limit on the model, but also permits developers to concentrate on the rest of the topology optimization program. Three automotive examples including a simplified truck frame, a deck lid, and a space frame structure are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743977
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Component mode synthesis-based design optimization method for local structural modification (1995)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 10 (1995), S. 128-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract This research integrates component mode synthesis with a multilevel design optimization strategy to develop a design methodology for making the dynamical modification of complex structures simpler and tractable. The component mode synthesis formulates the eigenvalue equation of the entire structure in terms of vibration characteristics of local structure components. With this particular feature, the component mode synthesis helps to facilitate a two-stage procedure for the dynamic modification of a complex structure; the lower-level design optimization modifies the local structure components whose performances are prescribed by the optimal solution of the upper-level design optimization. The paper first discusses the formulation and the derivation of the Kuhn-Tucker necessary conditions for the proposed design optimization procedure and then presents numerical examples to demonstrate its numerical implementation and applicability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743541
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimal fastener pattern design considering bearing loads (1999)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 17 (1999), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract In many engineering structures, failure occurs either at the connection itself or in the component at the point of attachment of the connection. To extend the service life of the structure it is important to ensure that the loads borne by the connections are distributed as uniformly as possible. This would also minimize the possibility of localized high stress regions within the component. In this work a topology optimization based approach has been developed to incorporate fastener load constraints into a problem formulated for optimal location of fasteners. The computational results indicate that it is effective in reducing the maximum fastener loads without compromising on the overall stiffness of the structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01195938
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bead pattern optimization (1996)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 12 (1996), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Plane sheet panels exhibit poor stiffness and NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) performance due to their flexibility. A common and cost-effective approach in the automotive industry to improve the stiffness and NVH peformance of sheet panels is the addition of beads. However, no systematic methodology is available for determining the optimal pattern of beads in sheet metal. This research explores the feasibility of applying topology optimization methods to the bead design of sheet panels. The approach starts with adding beam elements to the shell element model of the sheet panel to simulate the stiffness improvement of the structure and then uses the topology optimization method to obtain the optimal layout of the beam elements. A cantilever plate is used to perform a preliminary study for bead pattern design and a simplified vehicle structure is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01197359
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shape optimal design of an engine exhaust manifold (1993)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 5 (1993), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An engine exhaust manifold made of cast iron cracks during thermal shock testing. The test process is simulated by finite element analysis. The manifold is formulated as a linear heat transfer and thermoelasticity problem in a variational form. Analytical expressions for shape design sensitivities of general three-dimensional problems are presented, using the material derivative approach. A hybrid approach is described and used during the optimization process. This approach takes advantage of the direct and the adjoint variable methods and is the most efficient in calculating the sensitivity of the structural responses. After the finite element model is verified by comparing the results with those from testing, the engine exhaust manifold is optimized with respect to its geometry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743584
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A NUMERICAL PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTING MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS OF A SPHERICAL TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1135-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes equations ; Taylor-Couette flow ; multiple solutions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A new numerical procedure for predicting multiple solutions of Taylor vortices in a spherical gap is presented. The steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables are solved by a finite- difference method using a matrix preconditioning technique. Routes leading to multiple flow states are designed heuristically by imposing symmetric properties. Both symmetric and asymmetric solutions can be predicted in a deterministic way. The current procedure gives very fast convergence rate to the desired flow modes. This procedure provides an alternative way of finding all possible stable steady axisymmetric flow modes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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