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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics of the 2A1 state of Z-hexatriene in gas phase (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 2205-2211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: As in longer polyenes, the strong 1A1→1B2 band in the UV spectrum of 1,3Z,5-hexatriene (Z-hexatriene) has a weak precursor, the 1A1→2A1 transition. It was measured in this work by a conventional spectrometer. Whereas the wave number of the 0–0 transition is by 5400 cm−1 lower than that of the 1B2 origin, the vibrational contour indicates that the vertical transitions of thetwo bands nearly coincide. From the fast decay of the rotational anisotropy in the time-resolved measurements we conclude that this band is perpendicularly polarized. We measured the lifetime of the 2A1 state after pumping it directly by 250 fs pulses and probing the excited molecules by ionizing it by delayed pulses. The lifetimes decreased from several ps to 730 fs, when the excess energy was increased from near 0 to 4000 cm−1 and more. From the temperature dependence we infer a barrier of about 170 cm−1 (2 kJ/mol). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474080
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time-resolved dissociative intense-laser field ionization for probing dynamics: Femtosecond photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 8347-8362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The concerted photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene was investigated in the gas phase by low-intensity pumping at 267 nm and subsequent probing by high-intensity photoionization at 800 nm and mass-selective detection of the ion yields. We found five different time constants which can be assigned to traveling times along consecutive parts of the potential energy surfaces. The molecule is first accelerated in the spectroscopic state 1B along Franck–Condon active coordinates, then alters direction before changing over to the dark state 2A. All constants including that for leaving the 2A surface are below 100 fs. These times are shorter than appropriate vibrational periods. Such a maximum speed is evidence that the pathway is continuous leading from surface to surface via real crossings (conical intersections) and that the molecule is accelerated right into the outlet of the 2A/1A funnel. On the ground state it arrives as a compact wave packet, indicating a certain degree of coherence. The experimental method promises a high potential for investigating dynamics, since many consecutive phases of the process can be detected. This is because the fragmentation pattern depends on the location on the potential energy surface, so that monitoring several different ions permits to conclude on the population flow through these locations. Ionization at the intensities used is normally considered to be an effect of the electric field of the radiation. But in our case it is enhanced by resonances in the neutral molecule and in particular in the singly positive ion, and it is not sensitive for the length of the molecule (different conformers of the product hexatriene). The ionic resonances explain why hexatriene has a much richer fragmentation pattern than cyclohexadiene. Coulomb explosion is observed from an excited state of a doubly positive ion. Its mechanism is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481478
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Femtosecond photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene studied by time-resolved intense-field ionization (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 9386-9389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We found that hydrogen ion formation due to multielectron dissociative ionization by an intense-laser field is much less efficient with 1,3-cyclohexadiene than with its isomer 1,3Z,5-hexatriene (Z-HT). Moreover by suppressing the ionization barrier an intense-laser field ejects electrons most efficiently from molecular states of low ionization potential. After pumping 1,3-cyclohexadiene at 267 nm to its 1B2 state we probe the system by intense-laser field ionization with delayed 800 nm pulses. Monitoring of the parent ion C6H8+, of the main fragment C6H7+ and of H+ allows us to follow the motion from the 1B2 surface to the dark 2A1 state and from there towards the 2A1/1A1 conical intersection to the ground-state surface of the product. The measured 1B2 and 2A1 lifetimes are 43±3 and 77±7 fs, respectively, and the primary photoproduct cZc-HT is produced within 200 fs. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474009
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A laser-induced fluorescence and information-theory investigation of energy transfer processes in benzene–argon collisions (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 810-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper reports the results of an extensive study of the internal energy-transfer processes that occur in benzene–argon collisions. We used laser-induced fluorescence and information theory for determining the energy-transfer rates between internal states of benzene in the ground electronic state (1A1g). The method provides an estimate for the rate of rotational relaxation. It gives a measure of the fraction of molecules that absorb the laser radiation at a frequency near the center of the ν18 absorption band of benzene. The use of information theory gives estimates for all of the vibrational energy transfer rates. These fit the experimental data reasonably well. However, some of the data do deviate from the information theory model. This suggests that the statistical assumptions of the model are not sufficiently restrictive. One such restriction may be in the number of vibration quanta changing per collision..
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448507
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two-laser resonance-enhanced photoionization spectrum of benzene (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 3490-3497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper reports results of an experiment involving two-laser resonance-enhanced photoionization of benzene. The excitation sources were two frequency-doubled dye lasers. The first laser pumped the molecule to a selected vibronic level of its first excited singlet state (1B2u), from where it was ionized by a time-delayed pulse of the second laser. The ion yield depends on the intermediate vibronic state as well as on the wavelength of the ionizing laser. From the structures and intensities of the measured ion spectra we derived vibrational frequencies and molecular parameters of the ground electronic state of the ion to a remarkable accuracy. The contributions of autoionizing Rydberg levels to the ionization cross section can clearly be distinguished from direct ionization. Several resonance peaks were assigned to transitions to vibrational modes within these Rydberg states.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455859
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of longitudinal mode wave guiding in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with long monolithic cavity (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 586-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Lasing mode switching between two longitudinal modes is observed in transverse single mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with an extended cavity. Near- and far-field analyses carried out on devices with 2, 4, and 8 μm cavity spacers show an inherent relation between the transverse mode diameter and the calculated oxide- or thermally induced index guiding for the oscillating modes. Depending on the designed alignment of the optical longitudinal standing wave patterns relative to the oxide layer, mode switching can either be promoted or suppressed. Record-high single mode output powers up to 5.5 mW obtained from devices with 8 μm spacers and 8μm active diameter indicate the potential of the given device concept for low-divergence fundamental mode emission as required for many applications. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1344569
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polarimetric Determination of Radial Anisotropy of the Porosity of Carrier Gel Beads (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 501 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb45727.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multipolar spindles after endoreduplication
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 42 (1966), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(66)90335-1
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Russian Literature 34 (1993), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3479
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Slawistik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3479(93)90027-P
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    /
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Russian Literature 26 (1989), S. 219-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3479
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Slawistik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3479(89)80029-8
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