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  • hypertension  (4)
  • diabetic nephropathy  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Renal kallikrein in diabetic patients with hypertension accompanied by nephropathy (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Renal kallikrein ; urinary kallikrein excretion ; diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; nephropathy ; plasma aldosterone concentration ; plasma renin activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We measured the 24-h excretion of urinary kallikrein in 27 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and in 10 normal control subjects. Mean (± SD) kallikrein excretion in diabetic patients with nephropathy (6.2±2.4 naphthyl units (NU)/day,n=13) was significantly lower than in control subjects (12.8±3.4NU/day,p〈0.01) and in diabetic patients without nephropathy (9.4±3.4NU/day,n=14,p〈0.05). Kallikrein excretion in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (5.1±1.6 NU/day,n=8) was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than in normotensive patients with nephropathy (8.3±2.1 NU/day,n=5). There were no significant differences in kallikrein excretion rate (24-h excretion of urinary kallikrein/24-h creatinine clearance) among control subjects (9.9±4.3 NU/ml), diabetic patients with (9.0±3.2 NU/ml) and without (9.3±3.5 NU/ml) nephropathy. However, kallikrein excretion rate in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (7.7±3.3 NU/ml) was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than in normotensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (11.8 ±2.0 NU/ml,n=10). Respective basal and post-stimulated (with intravenous furosemide 40 mg plus 60 min ambulation) plasma aldosterone concentrations measured in control subjects and in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy were similar and increased to the same extent in the 2 groups (5.5±3.2 versus 5.3±3.2 and 9.3±2.6 versus 10.5±3.4 ng/ml), although the respective plasma renin activity tended to be lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.7±0.6 versus 1.3±0.9 and 1.8±1.8 versus 3.0±2.6 ng−1 · ml−1 · h−1). The results indicate that urinary kallikrein excretion is decreased in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy, and that the decrease might not be attributable to an altered renin-aldosterone system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427087
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium antagonist in hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a randomised controlled trial (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Hypertension ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients ; microalbuminuria ; kidney function ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; calcium antagonist ; diabetic nephropathy ; antihypertensive therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Seven of eight hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria completed a randomised crossover trial to compare the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) and calcium antagonist (nicardipine). Four-week fixed oral maintenance dosages of enalapril (10–20 mg/day) and nicardipine (60–120 mg/day) significantly (p〈0.05) lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures without altering renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. Both drugs significantly reduced (p〈0.05) urinary albumin excretion rate and fractional clearance of albumin to similar extents. Total renal vascular resistance decreased significantly by nicardipine (p〈0.05) and non-significantly by enalapril. Plasma osmotic pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, total serum protein concentration, serum electrolytes and HbA1c remained unchanged by these drugs, whereas plasma renin activity was significantly higher (p〈0.05) in the enalapril than in the control and nicardipine phases. These results suggest that both drugs have similar renal function preserving effects with a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, and that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor may not have advantageous renal effects when compared to the calcium antagonist and vice versa. Both drugs might be useful for treatment of high blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic patients, if long-term studies of these drugs can be shown to benefit the patients over other conventional antihypertensive therapies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265402
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of dilevalol, an R, R-isomer of labetalol, on blood pressure and renal function in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): dilevalol ; hypertension ; labetolol R-R-isomer ; renal function ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; side-effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of oral dilevalol (an R, R-isomer of labetalol), a new β-adrenoceptor blocker with β2-receptor stimulating and α-recepter blocking properties on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone have been studied in 15 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension treated with it for 6 weeks. Two patients with apparent treatment failure and one patient who developed muscle pain and cramps, and had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level, were excluded from the study. Dilevalol monotherapy 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Total renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced, and RBF and GFR remained unchanged. Dilevalol significantly decreased PRA. The results suggest that prolonged daily treatment with dilevalol preserves renal function and produces a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The ancillary pharmacological properties of dilevalol rather than PRA suppression may be relevant to its renal effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555500
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Renal effects of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, in hypertensive type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without nephropathy (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 425-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): nicardipine ; diabetic nephropathy ; calcium antagonist ; hypertension ; renal function ; albuminuria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The renal effects of oral maintenance doses of nicardipine 60–120 mg/day have been studied in 18 hypertensive patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: 6 with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate, AER 〈20 μg · min−1, Group A); 6 with incipient nephropathy, (AER 20–200 μg · min−1, Group B); and 6 with overt nephropathy (AER 〉200 μg · min−1, Group C). Treatment for 4 weeks significantly lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and reduced total renal vascular resistance in all three groups. Nicardipine increased renal blood flow significantly in Group C and slightly in Group B, and had no effect in Group A. Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged in all three groups. It significantly reduced AER and the fractional clearance of albumin in Group B, whereas AER in Groups A and C was not altered. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, osmotic pressure, serum total protein and albumin concentrations and haemoglobin A1c level were similar in the control and nicardipine phases in all three groups. The results suggest that nicardipine may preserve renal function whilst having a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and incipient nephropathy, and that the drug may improve renal blood flow in patients with overt nephropathy. The effect of the drug on urinary albumin excretion may deserve further investigation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336678
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the renal effects of dilevalol and carteolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): dilevalol ; carteolol ; hypertension ; vasodilator properties ; β-blocker ; renal function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of 6 weeks of treatment with dilevalol 100 mg once daily, or carteolol 10 mg once daily, on renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and total renal vascular resistance (TRR) were studied in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension in a randomised cross-over experiment. Both drugs lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures to a similar extent without altering the heart rate. Carteolol non-significantly decreased RBF by 9.2% and GFR by 12.3% without altering. TRR, whereas dilevalol produced a significant reduction in TRR by 13.2% (p〈0.05), a non-significant decrease in RBF by 4.6% and no change in GFR. Neither drug changed plasma osmotic pressure, serum total protein concentration, electrolytes or plasma aldosterone concentration. Plasma renin activity tended to be lower in the dilevalol phase as compared to the carteolol phase. The results suggest that dilevalol may cause a greater decrease in TRR and less reduction in GFR when compared to carteolol in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The difference in the renal effects might be due to the difference in the potency of vasodilatory properties of both drugs at the doses applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315037
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